(3) Structural Scoliosis Etiologies Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the 2 types of congenital scoliosis?
- osteogenic
- neuropathic
Name 3 congenital bony anomalies which can cause scoliosis.
- hemivertebrae (lateral)
- rib synostosis
- butterfly vertebrae
Name 3 congenital neuropathic causes of scoliosis.
- chiari malformation
- tethered spinal cord
- syringomyelia
What are the radiographic features of congenital scoliosis?
- typically a short segment
- higher degree scoliosis
Name 5 underlying conditions resulting in developmental scoliosis.
- NF1
- achondroplasia
- osteogenesis imperfecta
- Marfans syndrome
- Ehlers-Danlos
What are the radiologic features of developmental scoliosis?
findings of underlying disease
(eg. tall vertebrae, posterior scalloping, etc.)
Name 3 neuropathic diseases resulting in neuromuscular scoliosis.
- cerebral palsy
- polio
- spinocerebellar degeneration
Name 2 myopathic diseases resulting in neuromuscular scoliosis.
- muscular dystrophy
- arthrogryposis
What are the radiographic features of neuromuscular scoliosis?
- 1 long curve from T1-S1
- left thoracic scoliosis
What scoliotic curve is an indication for MRI? What would you need to rule out?
left thoracic scoliosis
R/o neuromuscular disease
What osseous tumors may result in tumor-related scoliosis?
- osteoid osteoma
- osteoblastoma
- GCT
What extraosseous tumors may result in tumor-related scoliosis?
- individual neurofibroma
- astrocytoma
- ependymoma
What are the radiologic features of tumor-related scoliosis?
- Osseous: look for tumor findings (geo. lytic post. elements)
- Extraosseous: post. scalloping, enlarged IVFs
A patient with a scoliosis may have an osteoid osteoma on which side?
concave side
What are the potential causes of traumatic scoliosis?
- compression Fx or burst Fx w/ lateral component (lat. wedging)
- TP Fx’s that develop LOBS
What etiologies must be ruled out before determining a degenerative scoliosis?
- congenital
- developmental
- neuromuscular
- tumor-related
- traumatic
What is meant by degenerative scoliosis?
scoliosis with moderate to severe degenerative changes
What are the 2 possible causes of degenerative scoliosis?
- adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that degenerates (can’t tell w/o previous imaging)
- asymmetric spinal degeneration (eg. repetitive asymmetric movements)
What side of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis would degenerate more?
concave side
(can increase a scoliosis 15+ deg over lifetime)
What etiology of scoliosis is a diagnosis of exclusion?
idiopathic
What demographic is most commonly affected by idiopathic scoliosis?
adolescent (11-18) females
What is the most common classification of idiopathic scoliosis?
adolescent (11-18)
What is the most common pattern of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
right thoracic
(can have any pattern, including double majors)
What is the greatest concern of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
progression
