3. urinary systems

Question 1

structures

Answer 1

• 2 kidneys
• 2 ureters
• 1 urinary bladder
• 1 urethra

Question 2

functions

Answer 2

regulates and eliminates

Question 3

regulates

Answer 3

blood pressure
blood volume
pH
ion concentrations

Question 4

eliminates

Answer 4

wastes

eg. urea, uric acid, hormones, drugs

Question 5

kidneys eternal anatomy

Answer 5

• retroperitoneal
• right lower than left
• supported and protected by 3 layers of CT
• renal hilus (hilium)

Question 6

3 layers of CT

Answer 6

fibrous capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal fascia

Question 7

renal hilus (hilium)

Answer 7

-medial indentation
entry point of :
renal artery (superior)
renal vein (inferior)
ureter
nerves

Question 8

internal anatomy

Answer 8

renal cortex (superficial)
renal medulla

Question 9

renal medulla contains

Answer 9

renal pyramids and renal columns

Question 10

renal pyramids

Answer 10

apex of pyramid = renal pailla

Question 11

renal columns

Answer 11

separate pyramids

contain blood vessels

Question 12

Nephron

Answer 12

functional unit of kidney (microscopic)

Question 13

nephron composed of

Answer 13

renal corpuscle

renal tubules

Question 14

renal corpuscle

Answer 14

• in cortex

- site of blood filtration (first step in urine formation)

Question 15

renal corpuscle parts

Answer 15

glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
filtration membrane

Question 16

glomerulus

Answer 16

=capillary bed

Question 17

bowman’s capsule

Answer 17

-surrounds glomerulus
-collects filtrate from glomerulus
-2 layers:
outer ( simple squamous epithelium)
inner =podocytes ->wrapped around glomerular capillaries

Question 18

filtration membrane consists of

Answer 18

• glomerular endothelium (capillaries)
• basement membranes
• podocytes (of bowman’s capsule)

Question 19

glomerular endothelium

Answer 19

capillaries
-simple squamous with pores (=fenestrations)
-

Question 20

podocytes (of bowman’s capsule)

Answer 20

• simple epithelium

- projections “cling” to glomerulus)

Question 21

renel tubules

Answer 21

4 parts:
proximal convoluted tubule (PTC)
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
collecting ducts

Question 22

proximal convoluted tubule PTC

Answer 22

in cortex

Question 23

loop of henle

Answer 23

descending and ascending limbs

in medulla

Question 24

distal convoluted tubule DTC

Answer 24

in cortex

Question 25

collecting ducts

Answer 25

in cortex and medulla | -connect nephron to ureter by calcyes / renal pelvis)

Question 26

2 types of nephrons

Answer 26

cortical | juxtamedullary

Question 27

cortical

Answer 27

85% - renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex - short loop of Henle in outer medulla

Question 28

juxtamedullary

Answer 28

15% - renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla - long loops - penetrate deep into medulla * allow concentration of urine, depending on need

Question 29

kidney and nephron blood supply

Answer 29

page 3

Question 30

juxtaglomerular complex

Answer 30

- regulates filtrate formation - point of contact b/w end of ascending limb, afferent and efferent arterioles at the renal corpuscle of the same nephron

Question 31

juxtaglomerular complex parts

Answer 31

tubular portion | arteriolar portion

Question 32

tubular portion

Answer 32

modified (tall and narrow) ascending limb cells = macula densa

Question 33

arteriolar portion

Answer 33

- afferent and efferent arteriolar portion = granular (juxtaglomerular cells) - monitor blood pressure - modified smooth muscle cells -> contain renin (enzyme and hormone)

Question 34

ureters histology

Answer 34

- mucosa - no submucosa - muscularis externa - adventitia/serosa

Question 35

mucosa

Answer 35

transitional epithelium

Question 36

no submucosa

Answer 36

lamina propria directly connected to muscularis externa

Question 37

muscularis externa

Answer 37

smooth muscle approx. three layers

Question 38

adventitia/seros

Answer 38

retroperitoneal

Question 39

urinary bladder internally

Answer 39

triangle formed by opening of 2 ureters (posteriorly) and urethra = trigone *lacks rugae (smooth)-allows openings to remain in fixed position

Question 40

urethra histology

Answer 40

mucosa | muscularis externa

Question 41

urethra mucosa

Answer 41

transitional to stratified squamous epithelium

Question 42

urethra muscularis externa

Answer 42

smooth muscle

Question 43

urethra

Answer 43

-2 sphincters (both surrounded proximal end of ureter): internal urethral sphincter external urethral sphincter

Question 44

internal urethral sphincter

Answer 44

smooth muscle | -thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder

Question 45

external urethral sphincter

Answer 45

skeletal muscle | -in urogenital diaphragm

Question 46

urethra in females

Answer 46

transports urine

Question 47

urethra in males

Answer 47

transports urine and semen

Question 48

urinary system : filtrate movement

Answer 48

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