3 World War !

Question 1

We will be looking at Arab and Jewish nationalist leaders.

Answer 1

Atatürk,
Faisal and Weizmann

Question 2

What was the US’s first military action overseas?

Answer 2

The 1805 Marine battle of Derna (in Libya) part of the Ottoman Empire

This is where “the shores of Tripoli” comes from.

Question 3

Who invaded Italy in 1911?

Answer 3

Italy

Question 4

What happened by 1912?

Answer 4

Italy forced the Ottomans out of Libya.

Question 5

Who was leading the Ottoman forces in Libya?

Answer 5

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

Question 6

What did he llater become?

Answer 6

The founding President of Turkey.

Question 7

Who was Faisal bin Hussein?

Answer 7

He became President of both Syria and Iraq, at different times.

Question 8

When did WWI start?

Answer 8

July 28, 1914, one month after the assassination of Emperor Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria-Hungary throne.

Question 9

How many people dies in WWI?

Answer 9

17-22 million, half civilians

Question 10

How many died in the Infulenza 1918-1920?

Answer 10

17-50 million.

Question 11

What were they by percentage of population?

Answer 11

US - .1%
British Empire - 2%
France - 11%
Germany - 9%
Ottoman - 25%

Question 12

What does the Ottoman number include?

Answer 12

1.5 million Otoman Armenians kileed in an Ottoman-led genocide.

Question 13

At the beginning of WWI, what was the only remaining Ottoman territory in Europe?

Answer 13

Thrace

Today Thrace is split among Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria

Question 14

Why was Ottoman forced to side with Germany in WWI?

Answer 14

Germany had been providing military training to them for years.

Question 15

How long did they last during the war?

Answer 15

They were predicted to fail early, but lasted the 4 years.

Question 16

How?

Answer 16

Officers like Atatûrk.

Question 17

For example . .

Answer 17

He defended Galipoli in 1915.
He was a hero after that.

Question 18

When was the Turkish war of Independence?

Answer 18

1919-1923

Question 19

Who was it against?

Answer 19

Greece, France, Britain, Armenia and others.

Question 20

Who introduced the concept of a “social contract”?

Answer 20

Rousseau

Question 21

What did Atatûrk do?

Answer 21

Put nationalism over religion, favorning language and history.

Question 22

What is Jesish nationalism called?

Answer 22

Zionism

The Jews had not had a homeland for over 2000 years

Question 23

Who led the Zionist movement?

Answer 23

Theodor Herzl

Question 24

Were the majority of Jews Zionists?

Answer 24

No. Most wanted assimilation wherever they were living.

Question 25

Who was Chaim Weizmann?

Answer 25

He became the first President of Israel.

Question 26

WHere did he come from?

Answer 26

Russia. He was a chemist and moved to British.

Question 27

What was his specialty?

Answer 27

fermentation

Question 28

How did Britain use him during WWI?

Answer 28

He developed acetone, which was used as a propellant in explosives.

Question 29

What did they do for him after the war?

Answer 29

They helped in find the location of a state.

Question 30

What was the **Balfour Declaration**?

Answer 30

A 67-word statement that Britain supports a national home for Jews in Palestine.

Question 31

Did all Jews support this?

Answer 31

Some thought that there would be a backlash for Jews.

Question 32

What did the British say about the Arabs?

Answer 32

They supported their independence.

Question 33

What did this ignore?

Answer 33

The overlap of Arab and Jewish desires, particularly in Palestine.

Question 34

Who was the head of Mecca in 1915?

Answer 34

Sharif Hussein bin Ali Al-Hashimi

Question 35

What did the High Commisioner to the Sultanate of Egypt Henry McMahon promise Hussein?

Answer 35

An independent Arab kingdom after WWI.

Question 36

What did Hussein then do?

Answer 36

Launched the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916.

Question 37

What did Hussein then declare?

Answer 37

He declared himself the King of the Arabs, which came to nothing.

Question 38

Did the Arab kingdom come about after the war?

Answer 38

No

Question 39

Who was to take over from Hussein?

Answer 39

His third son, **Faisal** bin Hussein bin Ali al Hashmi

Question 40

nWhere did the idea of Arab nationalism arise?

Answer 40

Late 1800s | This was a last ditch effort by the Ottomans

Question 41

What did Arab nationalism oppose?

Answer 41

Ottoman nationalism

Question 42

What did the Arabs do?

Answer 42

A conference in Paris in 1913.

Question 43

What was Britain's goal?

Answer 43

To do anything it took to win WWI

Question 44

How many British died at Galipoli?

Answer 44

40,000

Question 45

How was WWI going for Britain in 1916?

Answer 45

Very badly.

Question 46

What did Faisal do in 1918?

Answer 46

He led an army which took Damascas and declared it a kingdom in 1920

Question 47

What happened after that?

Answer 47

4 months later, the French took Damascus and forced the Arabs out.

Question 48

Who opposed this?

Answer 48

T. E. Lawrence

Question 49

How did the British try to fix this?

Answer 49

They made Faisal King of **Iraq [Syria?}**, which he held until his 1933 death.

Question 50

What else did Britain do?

Answer 50

They made Faisal's brother King of **TransJordan**.

Question 51

What were these appointments?

Answer 51

Consolation prizes.

Question 52

What were British expectations?

Answer 52

That both would be loyal to Britain.

Question 53

When had WWI started for the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 53

The 1911 invasion of Libya by Italy.

Question 54

What happened when European victors began the break up of the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 54

A 4-year war of Turkish independence which resulted in the secular Republic of Turkey.