Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Middle East 20th Century > 18 Iran-Iraq War > Flashcards

18 Iran-Iraq War Flashcards

1
Q

What did Khomeni call for once in power in Iran?

A

For other Arab countries to overthrow secular governments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Khomeni call Iraq?

A

The puppet of Satan

He overstated their closeness to America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of Iran’s population is Shia?

A

around 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of Iraq’s population was Shia?

A

55-65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who led Iraq?

A

A Sunni Muslim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happened in Iraq after the Iranian Revolution?

A

There was a Shia uprising in the area where Khomeni had been exiled.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did the uprising end?

A

In 1980 with the execution of the Shia Muhammed Baqir al-Sadr and his sister

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meanwhile, where was Saddam Hussein?

A

He was #2 in the government and forced out his boss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was Hussein’s religion?

A

Sunni, but he ran it as a secular state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did Khomeni bear a gruge against Sadsam Hussein?

A

Because, it was Hussein as VP who had ordered Khomeni expelled from Iraq.

THe Shah of Iran has pressed him to do this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Before the 1979 Revolutions, which country had been the US closest ally?

A

Iran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Hussein do in Sept 1980 in response to Khomeni’s threats?

A

He invaded Iran.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was his goal?

A

To sieze the Shatt al-Arab waterway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the waterway’s importance?

A

Both countries used it to ship their oil to the Persian Gulf.

This was shy it was called the Gulf War at the time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What shape was Iran’s army in?

A

Not good. They had executed many army leaders after the Shah left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What other problem did they have?

A

The US had given the Shah many weapons but Iran was now running out of spare parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What had Hussein hoped would happen?

A

That the Sunni minority in Iran would join the Iraq fighters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who was favored at the start of the war?

A

Iraq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Did Iraq get its swift victory?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What concept did Iran introduce?

A

Human sacrifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How did they do this?

A

They used poorly-armed “troops” and they used people to clear mine fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

DId this work?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How?

A

Hussein had to retreat and he executed some of his army officers

24
Q

What prolonged the war?

A

Khomeni would not geotiate a peace because he wanted Hussein overthrown.

25
Q

What was the Tanker War?

A
  1. Iraq attacked Iranian oil tankers
26
Q

What was he hoping for?

A

Iran would give a drastic response such as blocking the Strait of Hormuz

27
Q

Why would this help?

A

It would likely bring in the US in Iraq’s favor.

28
Q

DId the Tanker War work?

A

No. The economic damage was not enough.

29
Q

Who did most Arab countries support?

A

Iraq

They were worried about Shia uprisings

30
Q

Who supported Iran?

A

Lybia and Syria

31
Q

Who else supported Iran?

A

Israel

Iran bought Israeli arms

32
Q

How did Israel get involved?

A

In 1981 they sent fighter planes to attack Iraq’s nuclear reactor.

33
Q

What did this do?

A

Destroyed Hussein’s nuclear weapon dream.

34
Q

Who did the US ultimately back?

A

Iraq.

Mostly to hinder Iran

35
Q

What did Kissinger say?

A

It’s a pity they both can’t lose.

36
Q

What was Ronald Reagan doing behind Congress’ back?

A

Violating our arms embargo and shipping arms to Iran

37
Q

What was this called?

A

The Iran-Contra Affair

38
Q

Who were the Contras?

A

A right-wing US-backed group in Nicaragua (the Sandinistas) trying to overthrow the Marxinst government.

39
Q

What did this have to do with providing arms to Iran?

A

We wanted their help in freeing US hostages in Lebanon.

40
Q

What else was Reagan doing?

A

Using funds to secretly providing funds to the Contras in Nicaragua.

THe funds were from the sale of weapons to Iran

41
Q

What was discovered?

A

That our first arms sales to Iran were in 1981, before there were any hostages.

42
Q

Who was the highest ranking defendent when charges were filed?

A

Defense Sec’y Casper Winebarger. He was pardoned before he could be tried.

43
Q

What happened in 1988?

A

Iraq was ahead and threatened a full-scale invasion.

44
Q

What did Iraq attack with?

A

Poison gas, killing thousands.

45
Q

What happened in 1988?

A

An American warship shot down an Iranian commercial flight, killing all.

46
Q

What did this cause?

A

The US apologized but Iran thought the US was going to get involved.

47
Q

What did Khomeni do?

A

Accept a cease fire.

48
Q

What were the results of the war?

A

No territorial gains on either side.
500k-1M dead

49
Q

Who had helped the Iraqis develop chemical weapons?

A

US, UK, Germany, Holland and France

50
Q

What happened to Khomeni?

A

He died in 1989.

51
Q

What did Hussein do next

A

2 years later he invaded Iraq, Sorely miscalculating the response.

52
Q

What did Iran do?

A

Rebuilt its infrastructure, and surpassed Iraq’s economy.

53
Q

Where do Iran and the US stand today?

A

Mortal enemies.

54
Q

What is their primary issue?

A

Nuclear weapons

55
Q

Today, is the Sunni/Shia difference a part of the MidEast?

A

Not so much. But it is used to keep rulers in power.

56
Q

What is Iraq today?

A

Essentially a “ward” of Iran.

57
Q

Where does Iran stand?

A

Powerful. It vies with Saudi Arabia.

Middle East 20th Century (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions