5 Monarchies

Question 1

In the 21st century, how many ME & NA countries are monarchies?

Answer 1

over one-third

Question 2

What 3 kinds of kingdoms were there after WWI?

Answer 2

1. Were independent of the O.E.
2. Became independent after the dissolution.
3. Others

Question 3

What is the oldest monarchy in the region?

Answer 3

The Alaouite dynasty (1631) of Morocco

Question 4

What is the next oldest one?

Answer 4

Al Said dynasy in Oman - 1792

Question 5

Next?

Answer 5

Bahrain - Al Kahlifa dynastry - 1796

Question 6

Next?

Answer 6

Egypt - 1815 Alawwite dynasty

Question 7

Next?

Answer 7

The Al Thani dynasty - 1878

Question 8

Next?

Answer 8

Kuwait - Al Sabah dynasty - 1896

Question 9

Which kingdoms did Britain create in 1921?

Answer 9

• Hashemite kingdom of TransJordan (1921-1958)
• Iraq (1921-1958)

Question 10

Next?

Answer 10

Saudi Arabia - 1932

Question 11

What do the monarchies of Morocco and TransJordan have in common?

Answer 11

Both claim to have blood ties to Mohammed.

Question 12

Which nation remained fully inderpendent of the Ottomans because of distance from Constantinope?

Answer 12

Morocco

Question 13

What other countries remained independent because of distance?

Answer 13

Bahrain, Qatar, UAE and Oman

Question 14

What else did these 4 countries have?

Answer 14

Access to the sea for international trade.

across the gulf from Persia

Question 15

What was the Hejaz?

Answer 15

Western Arabia

Question 16

What opportunity was created for countries which had been part of the OE?

Answer 16

A chance for local leaders to assert themselves.

Question 17

What was UAE known as before 1971?

Answer 17

The Trucial states

They had signed truces with others

Question 18

How did the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia arise?

Answer 18

The House of Saud victory over the Hejaz.

Question 19

When had the Hejaz been declared a kingdom?

Answer 19

Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi rebelled against the Ottomans during WWI.

Question 20

Where was ind Saud’s base?

Answer 20

Riyadh

Question 21

How did Britain try to help Hussein (Hejaz)?

Answer 21

He made one of his sons Emir of Transjordan in 1922
and another son, Faisal, Emir of Iraq

Question 22

What did France do with Syria and Lebanon?

France had a US mandate for them

Answer 22

They introduced a republic with a President and senate.

Question 23

Egypt was technically already independent, but . . .

Answer 23

Britain was really running it was a ruling family nominally in place

Question 24

How did Egyptians take this?

Answer 24

They revolted in 1919.

Question 25

How did Britain react?

Answer 25

In 1922, it made Egypt a kngdom, but Britain was still in control.

Question 26

So Britain had created 3 monarchies in 2 years.

Answer 26

TransJordan, Iraq and Egypt.

Question 27

How did the House of Saud emerge in Arabia?

Answer 27

To start, most of it was out of control of the Ottomans. | It was difficult to conquer large desert spaces.

Question 28

Before oil, how was the Arabian peninsula viewed?

Answer 28

As "completely worthless"

Question 29

When sdid the Saud family start to recapture the peninsula.

Answer 29

1902 - they captured Riyadh

Question 30

Who was ibn Saud's adviser?

Answer 30

Harry St. John **Philby**

Question 31

What was Philby's point of view?

Answer 31

That ibn Saud should reign over the entire peninsula.

Question 32

Why was this a problem for Britain?

Answer 32

They had prmosied Hussein that he would become King after WWI.

Question 33

What was Sharif Hussein busy doing?

Answer 33

Keeping the Ottomans at bay.

Question 34

When did Sharif Hussein declare himself King of Mecca?

Answer 34

The Ottomans were too engaged in the war to do anything about it.

Question 35

Who supported Hussein?

Answer 35

The British and French. They gave him money and arms.

Question 36

What authority did the League of Nations give Philby?

Answer 36

Head of British Intelligence in Palestine in 1921.

Question 37

Why did Britain eventually fire Philby?

Answer 37

He went against their wishes and supported Saud.

Question 38

What did Philby do?

Answer 38

Went to work for Ibn Saud

Question 39

What did Britain do in 1924?

Answer 39

They withdrew their financial support from Hussein.

Question 40

What did ibn Saud do?

Answer 40

He conquered western Arabia.

Question 41

Who was Philby's son?

Answer 41

Kim Philby. Both father and son were considered traitors.

Question 42

What did ibn Saud do in 1932?

Answer 42

Created the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Question 43

What is unique about Saudi Arabia?

Answer 43

The only country where the ruling family's name is in the country's name.

Question 44

When was oil discovered on the Arabian peninsula?

Answer 44

Bahrain - 1931, Kuwait - 1937, Saudi Arabia - 1938, Qatar - 1940 The Truces - 1950s

Question 45

What other countries in the region found oil?

Answer 45

Algeria - 1956 - 6 years before independence, Libya - 1959

Question 46

How did oil change things in Saudi Arabia?

Answer 46

At first, not much. The international oil companies got the lion's share

Question 47

What monarchy did the United Nations create in 1951?

Answer 47

United Kingdom of Libya.

Question 48

Who was their king?

Answer 48

King Idris

Question 49

How long did Idris last?

Answer 49

18 years when Gaddafi overthrew him