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Neuro > Neuropharm > Flashcards

Neuropharm Flashcards

1
Q

what secretes glutamate?

A

pyramidal cells

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2
Q

NMDA antagonists

A

ketamine, PCP

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3
Q

gaba a R are

A

ligand-gated

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4
Q

how does gaba open Cl- channel

A

binds to alpha subunit

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5
Q

benzos

A

bind to B subunit of GABA a

and either decrease GABA dissociation at low doses or directly open Cl- at high doses

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6
Q

Gaba b R

A

metabotropic

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7
Q

Gaba a R

A

ionotropi

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8
Q

when GABA binds to GABA b R..

A

K+ open–>closes Ca2+–>efflux K+ and decreases in Ca2+ conductance causes hyperpolarizaton of postsynaptic membrane

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9
Q

baclofen is an

A

agonist of Gaba b

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10
Q

Gaba c R

A 
only have one subunit
ionotropic
Cl- channels
retnal, spnal cord, pituitary
**benzos, barbiturates, baclofen dont affect
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11
Q

2 types of Acetylcholine R

A

nicotinic- ionotropic

muscarinic- metabotropic

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12
Q

monoamines

A

one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by a 2 C chain

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13
Q

D1 family

A

D1, D5

–>increases adenylyl cyclase–> produces excitatory response

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14
Q

D2 family

A

D2, D3, D4

increases phosphodeisiterase–> produces inhibitory response

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15
Q

nigrostriatal pathway

A

parkinsons

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16
Q

mesolbic pathway

A

schizo, addiction

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17
Q

mesocortical pathway

A

schizophrenia

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18
Q

where is NE produced

A

locus coeruleus

caudal raphe nucleus

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19
Q

where si 5HT produced

A

raphe nucleus

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20
Q

CB1 R

A

inhibits GABA and glutmate release

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21
Q

anandamne

A

endogenous CB1 agonist; attenuates pain

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22
Q

anandamine agonist

A

THC

cannabdiol

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23
Q

CB2 R location

A

immune system

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24
Q

mechanisms of ant-epileptic drugs

A

Na+ channel blockade
Ca2+ channel blockade
GABA agonists
Glutamate antagonists

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25
Q

GABA agonists

A

barbiturates
benzos
topiramate

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26
Q

what type of Na+ channels do drugs block?

A

repetitive firing

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27
Q

drugs that act on Na+ channels

A 
phenytoin
carbamazepine
valproate
topiramate
lamotrigine
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28
Q

glutamate antagonists

A

lamotrigine

topiramate

29
Q

specific inducers of CY0450

A 
phenobarbital
ethosuximide
phenytoin
carbamazepine
tobacco/cigs
30
Q

specific inhibitors of CY0450

A 
erythromycin
Ca2+ channel blockers
trimethoprim/sulfa
fluconazole
valproate
31
Q

inducers, by def

A

increase clearance and decrease steady-state concentrations of other drugs

32
Q

inhibitors, by def

A

decrease clearance and increase steady-state concentrations of other drugs

33
Q

AED that may actually be synergistic

A

valproate + lamotrigine

34
Q

only non-depressants/sedating

A

phenytoin

lamotrigine

35
Q

neutral weight change

A

phenytoin
lamotrigine
levetiracetam

36
Q

weight gain

A

carbamazepine
gabapentin
valproate

37
Q

weight loss

A

topiramate

38
Q

AED drugs implicated in osteoporosis

A

phenobarbital
phenytoin
carbamazepine

39
Q

what AED do you give to pregant women?

A

lamotrigine

levetiracetam

40
Q

topiramate causes

A

cleft palate defects

41
Q

valproate causes

A

neural tube defects/learning disabilities

42
Q

phenobarbitol mechansm

A

GABA agonist

43
Q

phenobarbitol effective for

A

all seizures except abstinance

esp good for status epilepticus

44
Q

phenytoin works for

A

all seizure types; better for focal or secondarily generalized than for primary generalized

45
Q

phenytoin mechanism

A

blocks voltage-gated Na+ channel

46
Q

phenytoin in children

A

poorly absorbed PO in children, so dont use

47
Q

what supplements needed wth phenytoin

A

Ca, Vitamin D, vitamin K, folate

48
Q

benzos are good for..and drug of choice for.

A

all seizure types
alcohol withdrawal symptoms
alcohol withdrawal seizures

49
Q

why are benzos bad

A

tolerance develops rapidly

50
Q

mech of benzo

A

GABA agonist

51
Q

use of carbamazepine

A

excellent for focal and secondarily generalized seizures
less effective for prmary generalized
mood stabilizer bipolar
works for neuropathic and trigem neuralgia

52
Q

carbamazepine mech

A

Na+ channel blockade

53
Q

levels of carbamazepine increased by

A

Ca channel blockers, macrolide antibiotics

54
Q

ethosuximide used for

A

only for absence seizures

55
Q

mech of ethosuximdie

A

blocks t type Ca channels

56
Q

valproate uses

A

all sezures, migranes, bipolar

57
Q

valproate mech

A

not well understood
may block Na+ channels
probably also affects GABA levels, Ca2+ and K+ conductance

58
Q

valproate is sometmes associated wth

A

elevated ammonia and carnitne deficiency

59
Q

Gabapentin uses

A

partial and secondary generalized seizures (not prmary gen)

  • good anxiolytic
  • sedative
  • anti-spasmodic
  • peripheral neuropathy pain
60
Q

gabapentin mech

A

increases GABA in brain

61
Q

lamotrgene uses

A

broad spectrum efficacy aganst all seizure types

-also works for bipolar disorder, neuropathic pain

62
Q

mech of lamotrigne

A

probs blocks release of glutamate presynaptically and blocks Na+ channels post-syn

63
Q

lamotrigine is NOT

A

sedating

64
Q

topramate uses

A

broad spectrum
not particularly good for absence
good for migrane

65
Q

topiramate mech

A

Na+ channel blockade
GABA agonist
glutamate antagonist

66
Q

topiramate is ONLY

A

an oral preparation

67
Q

levetracetam use

A

broad spectrum of use for focal and generalized seizures

fav in hosps

68
Q

levetiracetam mech

A

blocks ca2+ channels, interferes with action of SV2 protein which si necessary for exocytosis of NT vescles

69
Q

levetiracetam toxicity

A

cognitive and behavioral problems

Neuro (23 decks)

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