3.1

Question 1

How many covalent bonds does carbon have

Answer 1

4

Question 2

name the four types of bonds

Answer 2

Length, Double bonds, branching, rings

Question 3

parts of organic molecules are involved in chemical reactions

Answer 3

gives organic molecules a distinctive purpose

Question 4

makes hydrocarbons hydrophilic

Answer 4

increase solubility in water

Question 5

cells are composed of what

Answer 5

72% H2O, 25% carbon compounds, 3% salts (ions)

Question 6

what can hydroxyl be found in

Answer 6

alcohols

Question 7

what can carbonyl be found in

Answer 7

ketones like acetone

Question 8

what can carboxyl be found in

Answer 8

acids like vinegar

Question 9

chemical formula of hydroxyl

Answer 9

-OH

Question 10

chemical formula of carbonyl

Answer 10

-COH, -CO-

Question 11

The chemical formula of carboxyl

Answer 11

-COOH

Question 12

the chemical formula of amino

Answer 12

-NH2

Question 13

amino

Answer 13

bases ammonia

Question 14

amino has a what charge

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

sulfhydryl chemical formula and charge

Answer 15

-SH, slightly polar

Question 16

phosphate chemical formula and charge

Answer 16

-PO4, negative

Question 17

what does sulfhydryl make

Answer 17

rubber

Question 18

negative molecules

Answer 18

carboxyl, phosphate

Question 19

positive molecules

Answer 19

amino

Question 20

polar molecules

Answer 20

carbonyl, hydroxyl

Question 21

ethane vs ethanol

Answer 21

H replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH), nonpolar vs polar, gas vs liquid

Question 22

biological effects

Answer 22

female (estradiol) vs male (testosterone)

Question 23

females have more what

Answer 23

OH

Question 24

males have more what

Answer 24

O

Question 25

isomers

Answer 25

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures (shapes)

Question 26

isomers

Answer 26

different chemical properties, and biological functions

Question 27

monomers

Answer 27

smaller units from larger molecules are made

Question 28

polymers

Answer 28

formed when monomers join together

Question 29

basic structural unit

Answer 29

monomer

Question 30

describe the relationship between monomer and polymer

Answer 30

a monomer is a single link in a chain and a polymer is the whole chain

Question 31

a large molecule made up of repeating monomers

Answer 31

polymer/macromolecules

Question 32

polymerization

Answer 32

2 or more monomers link together

Question 33

do polymer lengths vary

Answer 33

yes 2 or 3 monomers long to 1000s of monomers

Question 34

does the length of the chain affect the properties of the polymer?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

carbohydrates

Answer 35

monosaccharides form polymers called polysaccharides

Question 36

what does mono mean

Answer 36

single

Question 37

does saccharides mean

Answer 37

sugar

Question 38

nucleotides

Answer 38

molecules make up strands of DNA

Question 39

how do they link

Answer 39

condensation is a type of polymerization reaction that produces water as a byproduct

Question 40

what are the steps of linking

Answer 40

1. The hydroxyl group is removed from 1 monomer and a hydrogen atom from another 2. 1 oxygen is left allowing the monomers to bind together 3. Water is produced as a byproduct

Question 41

energy is stored in polymers

Answer 41

energy is released when needed

Question 42

what is breaking up called

Answer 42

hydrolysis reaction

Question 43

hydrolysis

Answer 43

addition of water molecules breaks the bonds between monomers splitting the polymer into its constituent parts

Question 44

What is the opposite of condensation

Answer 44

hydrolysis