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1.4 Study guide > 3.1 > Flashcards

3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many covalent bonds does carbon have

A

4

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2
Q

name the four types of bonds

A

Length, Double bonds, branching, rings

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3
Q

parts of organic molecules are involved in chemical reactions

A

gives organic molecules a distinctive purpose

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4
Q

makes hydrocarbons hydrophilic

A

increase solubility in water

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5
Q

cells are composed of what

A

72% H2O, 25% carbon compounds, 3% salts (ions)

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6
Q

what can hydroxyl be found in

A

alcohols

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7
Q

what can carbonyl be found in

A

ketones like acetone

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8
Q

what can carboxyl be found in

A

acids like vinegar

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9
Q

chemical formula of hydroxyl

A

-OH

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10
Q

chemical formula of carbonyl

A

-COH, -CO-

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11
Q

The chemical formula of carboxyl

A

-COOH

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12
Q

the chemical formula of amino

A

-NH2

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13
Q

amino

A

bases ammonia

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14
Q

amino has a what charge

A

positive

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15
Q

sulfhydryl chemical formula and charge

A

-SH, slightly polar

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16
Q

phosphate chemical formula and charge

A

-PO4, negative

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17
Q

what does sulfhydryl make

A

rubber

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18
Q

negative molecules

A

carboxyl, phosphate

19
Q

positive molecules

A

amino

20
Q

polar molecules

A

carbonyl, hydroxyl

21
Q

ethane vs ethanol

A

H replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH), nonpolar vs polar, gas vs liquid

22
Q

biological effects

A

female (estradiol) vs male (testosterone)

23
Q

females have more what

A

OH

24
Q

males have more what

A

O

25
Q

isomers

A

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures (shapes)

26
Q

isomers

A

different chemical properties, and biological functions

27
Q

monomers

A

smaller units from larger molecules are made

28
Q

polymers

A

formed when monomers join together

29
Q

basic structural unit

A

monomer

30
Q

describe the relationship between monomer and polymer

A

a monomer is a single link in a chain and a polymer is the whole chain

31
Q

a large molecule made up of repeating monomers

A

polymer/macromolecules

32
Q

polymerization

A

2 or more monomers link together

33
Q

do polymer lengths vary

A

yes 2 or 3 monomers long to 1000s of monomers

34
Q

does the length of the chain affect the properties of the polymer?

A

yes

35
Q

carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides form polymers called polysaccharides

36
Q

what does mono mean

A

single

37
Q

does saccharides mean

A

sugar

38
Q

nucleotides

A

molecules make up strands of DNA

39
Q

how do they link

A

condensation is a type of polymerization reaction that produces water as a byproduct

40
Q

what are the steps of linking

A
  1. The hydroxyl group is removed from 1 monomer and a hydrogen atom from another 2. 1 oxygen is left allowing the monomers to bind together 3. Water is produced as a byproduct
41
Q

energy is stored in polymers

A

energy is released when needed

42
Q

what is breaking up called

A

hydrolysis reaction

43
Q

hydrolysis

A

addition of water molecules breaks the bonds between monomers splitting the polymer into its constituent parts

44
Q

What is the opposite of condensation

A

hydrolysis

1.4 Study guide (31 decks)

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