7.1

Question 1

Cell divide defintion

Answer 1

produce 2 identical daughter cells

Question 2

cell differentiate

Answer 2

stop dividing to specialize in structure and function

Question 3

Cell division occurs when

Answer 3

mitosis

Question 3

Cell die definition

Answer 3

Eliminates unnecessary cells during development and removes unhealthy cells

Question 4

Interphase includes

Answer 4

G1,S, G2

Question 5

G1

Answer 5

cell increases in size, prepares to replicate, has to be undamaged, and has enough resources available for the cell to keep growing

Question 6

S

Answer 6

cell replicates DNA, 2 complete sets of chromosomes, monitored for replication errors

Question 7

G2

Answer 7

cell continues to grow and prepare for division, chromosomes are fully replaced and contain other types of damages

Question 8

CDK-cyclin

Answer 8

stimulating protein

Question 9

p53

Answer 9

inhibitory protein

Question 10

cyclin-dependent kinases

Answer 10

are enzymes that add phosphate to other proteins to activate or inhibit their function

Question 11

proto-oncogenes vs oncogenes

Answer 11

are an accelerator to speed up a simulation with one allele and put the cell cycle into overdrive vs a break to slow it down with both alleles needing to be mutated to be affected

Question 12

effect of mutated tumor suppressors

Answer 12

can cause loss of inhibition or both leading to uncontrolled cell division

Question 13

density-dependent inhibition

Answer 13

relies on the contact between the surface protein of adjacent cells when they bind they send out signals for cell division like a container

Question 14

a mutated oncogene is like a

Answer 14

gas pedal

Question 15

a tumor suppressor is like a

Answer 15

brake

Question 16

difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene

Answer 16

proto is the normal gene and oncogene is the mutated gene

Question 17

is the mutated allele (oncogene) dominant or recessive?

Answer 17

dominant

Question 18

is the mutated allele of a tumor suppressor dominant or recessive?

Answer 18

recessive

Question 19

what are the three buckets to categorize cancer?

Answer 19

cell growth & survival, cell fate, genome maintenance

Question 20

Does DNA polymerase make mistakes during DNA replication?

Answer 20

yes every billion but the proofreading system reads mistakes and fixes errors unless there is a mutation that occurs in the genes that encode the proofreading system could lead to mutations at a rapid rate