3.1 Exchange Surfaces And Breathing Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are intercostal muscles?
- muscles between r..
What do the external intercostal muscle do?
- raise what
- Muscles between the ribs
- External intercostal muscles contracts to raise rib cage
What does the wall of both alveoli and capillaries consist of?
S
Squamous cells (flattened)
What does the blood supply enable?
- in terms of conc gradient
- maintains a steep concentration gradient
How can we maintain the concentration gradient in the blood and air filled alveoli?
- ensuring co2 is ⬆️
- The oxygenated blood comes to the lungs
- ensure the concentration of CO2 is higher in the blood
What happens during inspiration to the:
- diaphragm
- external intercostal muscles
- volume of chest cavity
- where is the air moving to?
- diaphragm becomes flatter and contracts
- external intercoastal muscles raise the ribs
- Volume of the chest cavity increases
- Air is moved into the lungs
During expiration, what happens to the external intercostal muscle?
-ribs
The external intercostal, muscles, relax, and ribs fall
What is the alveolus wall made out of that is not squamous cells?
- Action of breathing in an out recoil? EF
Elastic fibers
What does goblet cells release and what do they trap? p
- they release mucus and trap pathogens
What does smooth muscle do in the alveoli?
- Cons, Cont
- Can constrict airways
- causing them to contract
How to calculate breathing rate/ what is breathing rate?
-No of
Number of breaths per minute
What is tidal volume?
- stress I or e
The volume of an inhaled or exhaled in one breath
What is the vital capacity?
- Greatest volume e
The greatest volume of air exhaled from the lungs after taking deepest breath possible?
What is residual volume?
Volume of air remained in the lungs even after forced expiration
What is insects exoskeleton called?
Ch
Chitin
What tubes do spiracles lead to in insects?
T, T
-trachea
-fine tubes called tracheoles
What does the tracheoles do?
- provide.. to ..directly from
- they provide oxygen directly to the cells through the spiracle
How does insects during oxygen exchange have high surface areas?
- large am
Large amount of tracheoles throughout their body
How is the tracheal fluid released?
- a respiration..produce LA.. water..
- providing SA .. released
- aerobic respiration produces lactic acid. The cells have lower water potential and trial fluid is released to cells
- this provides a higher surface area as tracheal fluid is released
How can insect increase oxygen to their cells? What does this cause AS
- changing volume of T, A
- Squeeze
Changing the volume of the thorax and abdomen
cause air sacs to squeeze and move air from them to tracheoles
How else can insects use their air sacs? And for?
- S close
When spiracles are closed for water conservation
