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Biology > 5.1 communication and homeostasis > Flashcards

5.1 communication and homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What four things has to be maintained in order for an organism to survive
P, T,A,F

A

•PH
•Temperature
•Aq Environment
•freedom from toxins and excess inhabitors

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2
Q

What two changes can stimuli come from?
I..E

A

Internal environment
External environment

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3
Q

Changing internal environment?
E, TF

A

•Cells are protected by epithelial tissue e.g skin and bark.
• internal cells and tissue are bathed and tissue fluid.

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4
Q

One waste product is carbon dioxide. What happens if it builds up in the tissue fluid.
P

A

It will alter the pH of tissue fluid may disrupt enzymes.

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5
Q

How do we get rid of waste e.g. carbon dioxide as it builds up?
How will it affect the pH?

A

Breathing rate increases and expel carbon dioxide from body, reducing pH.

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6
Q

Changes in external environment in terms of behaviour and physiology?
What is the stimulus and the response?

A

•External conditions put pressure to change behaviour or physiology.
• environmental change= stimulus
• Change in behaviour of physiology= response

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7
Q

What is an example of an external change in terms of seasonal changes and animals?

A

Slow environment change e.g winter Arctic fox has white thick coat

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8
Q

Why are multicellular organisms more efficient than singular celled organisms?

A

•Cells are differentiated.
>Meaning cells are specialised to perform particular functions .

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9
Q

In a multicellular organism what can groups of cells form?
T, O, OS

A

Tissue and organs to form an organ system

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10
Q

What five factors enables a good communication system
WB,Eo,SC,R,s..I

A

• covers the whole body
• Enable cell to communicate with each other
• Enable specific communication.
• enables rapid communication
• Enables both short time and long-term responses

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11
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintain conditions in the body despite internal and external environment changes.

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12
Q

What are the six things that need to be maintained by homeostasis?
T,g,s,w,p,cd This

A

•Body temperature
•Blood glucose concentration
•Blood salt concentration
•water potential of the blood
•blood pressure
•carbon dioxide concentrations

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13
Q

What is the mechanism/standard response pathway?
CP

A

Stimulus-> receptors-> communication pathway(cell signalling)-> effectors-> response

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14
Q

What is negative feedback?
M,op,r

A

To maintain a constant internal environment any change away from optimum condition must be reversed

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15
Q

Draw the negative feedback loop!

A

Optimum Changes
Condition Away from optimum

Return to. Receptors detect
Optimum Change

Effector react. Communication.
To reverse back System informs
Effector

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16
Q

Meaning of Positive feedback

A

We detect a change and we increase the change

17
Q

What is one example of positive feedback with enzymes?
T,l/h rr, rH,lrr

A

Enzymes increase the temperature= High rate of reaction, When we lower temperature we get lower rate of reaction Reducing the amount of heat produced= less reactions

18
Q

What is a ectothermic?
Relies on E..

A

Relies on external sources of heat to maintain body temperature

19
Q

What is an endotherm?

A

Organisms that use heats from metabolic reactions to maintain body temperature.

20
Q

How do ectotherms absorb heat from the environment? 3
Su a,Sa, e lsa

A

• Move in to a sunny area
• lie in a warm surface
• expose a larger surface area to the sun

21
Q

What will ectotherms due to decreased temperature?3
S, bs,u

A

• Move out the sun
• reduce the body surface exposed to the sun
• move, underground

22
Q

What is three things the skin will do in response when the body is too hot

A

• sweat gland secrete fluid on skin surface
• hair and feathers lie flat
• vasodilation of arterials

23
Q

Advantages of ectotherms

A

• survive with less food as they need to respire as much relay on external temp.
•

24
Q

Disadvantage of enotherms?

A

• more food to respire
•chances of overheating

25
Q

Advantages of endotherms?
Ct, c

A

•keep constant temperature they can always remain active.
•live in colder conditions.

26
Q

Where is the thermoregulation centre located

A

Hypothalamus

27
Q

How does it work e.g, how does it begin?

A

Receptors detect the changes in blood and core body temperature

28
Q

As receptors detect change in blood and core temp goes to the hypothalamus where it sends….

A

Impulses via nerves to the effector

29
Q

What will the effector do?
Example of…

A

•Will reverse the change
•Example of negative feedback

30
Q

What can the effectors in the hypothalamus control?

A

•metabolism levels
•muscle contration levels
•vasoconstriction
•vasodilation

31
Q

What is vasoconstriction?
What is vasodilation?

A

• blood vessels getting smaller
• blood vessels getting wider

Biology (40 decks)

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