3.3 Transport In Plants

Question 1

What are dicotyledonous plants?

Answer 1

• plants that have two seed leaves

Question 2

What is the difference between herbaceous (her bae has just left) and woody plants?

Answer 2

• herbaceous plants a short lived compared to woody plants

Question 3

Where does root hair cell grow from?
I.e what is the outside layer of the dicotyledonous plant

E

Answer 3

Endodermis

Question 4

Where is the cortex found? After where?

What does it contain? Pa

Answer 4

-Everywhere in plant ( largest portion) after endodermis

• Parenchyma cells

Question 5

What is the vascular bundles surrounded by?
C
What is the last layer of the vascular bundle?
E

Answer 5

Cortex

Endodermis

Question 6

Where is the xylem placed in the vascular bundle?

C

Answer 6

In the center

Question 7

Where is the pith located in the vascular bundle?
M/C

What does the pith consist of?

Answer 7

In the center in the middle

Parenchyma cells

Question 8

When looking at the cross-section of a leaf what is the main part of the center called that contains the vascular bundle?
M

Answer 8

Midrib

Question 9

What does the midrid provide?

Answer 9

Supports to leaf

Question 10

Looking at cross section of a leave, where would photosynthesis take place?
PM

Answer 10

Upper layer in the Palisade Mesophyll

Question 11

Where is lignin located?

What is its function?
Su, St

Answer 11

Xylem

Supports and Strength

Question 12

What does the pits in the xylem allow?

-Water

And an example with cells in the leaves

Answer 12

Movement of water

E.g out of xylem to cells in leaves

Question 13

What does praenchyma cells contain that deters herbivores from eating the plant? T

What is it a store of? S

Answer 13

Tannins

Starch

Question 14

What two tissues does the phloem contain?

Answer 14

-Sieve tube elements
-Companion cells

Question 15

What does the sieve tube elements as part of the phloem have between their cells? S 🍽️

Answer 15

• sieve tube plates

Question 16

What does companion cells contain a large amount of? M

Answer 16

• Mitochondria

Question 17

What are the channels that links the companion cells to the serve tube elements? Pl

Answer 17

Plasmodesmata

Question 18

What is the symplast pathway?
C ; pl

Answer 18

• water moving through the cytoplasm and the plasmodesmata in the sieve tube elements

Question 19

When water moves from the root hair cells does in go down or up the water potential gradient?

Answer 19

Down

Question 20

Is symplast pathway slow or not?

Why?
- organelles

Answer 20

• Slow
• The pathway is obstructed by the organelles

Question 21

How does the apoplast pathway?

Answer 21

Through the cell wall and the spaces between the cells.

Question 22

Where is the Casprian strip located?

What does it prevent?

Answer 22

Endodermis wall

Prevent water flow from the apoplast pathway

Question 23

Looking at the cross- section of a plant what is the bottom part of the plant? SM

And what is the holes at the bottom? S

Answer 23

Spongy mesophyll

Stomata

Question 24

What happens when the water vapor in external air low?
To the stomata and the water vapor

T

Answer 24

Transpiration, the stomata opens water vapor diffused of the leaf.

Question 25

When transpiration is taking place what is the pulling effect of water called? T

Answer 25

Tension

Question 26

What is adhesion and cohesion? - hydrogen bonds

Answer 26

Adhesion- water from hydrogen bonds with molecules in the xylem vessels. Cohesion- water forming hydrogen bonds with each other.

Question 27

What is capillary action? And where does it happen? - water.. gravity.. in

Answer 27

Water rises against gravity in thin tubes.

Question 28

What is transpiration pull include? Ctt, Ca, t

Answer 28

- Cohesion tension theory - Capillary action - tension (pull or water)

Question 29

What is the stomata Surrounded by? G

Answer 29

2 Guard cells

Question 30

In light conditions, what ion diffuses into the guard cells? What does this ion do to water potential?

Answer 30

- K+ - lowers the water potential

Question 31

In the guard cells as water potential decreases what will happen? And by water process? What happened to the guard cells after this process? T

Answer 31

Water moves into guard cells by osmosis Guard cells become turgid (swell)

Question 32

What are the factors expecting transpiration? L, H, T, A

Answer 32

- Light intensity - relative humidity - Temperature - Air movement i

Question 33

What is the meaning of plants that are xerophytes? Scarce

Answer 33

They live in conditions where water is very scarce.

Question 34

What do the sines of the Cati achevie? -Sa: V ⬇️ - M air which reduces T

Answer 34

- Reduce surface area to volume ratio - spine trap moist area near Catus >reducing transpiration

Question 35

Why does catus have a thick waxy cuticle? Eva

Answer 35

Reduce evaporation of water

Question 36

In mammongrass looking at a cross section where is the stomata found? Sp

Answer 36

Sunken pits

Question 37

How is moist air trapped inside stomata’s/ suncken pits in mammongrass? -Fine H trap

Answer 37

Fine hairs trap moist air around stomata

Question 38

How is sucrose transported from the source to companion cell? AT, transport.. and - what is the channel called? C

Answer 38

-Use active transport to transport H+ and causing H+ and sucrose to enter back in the companion cell -co transporter channel

Question 39

When the concentration of sucrose in the companion cells is high, where does the sucrose go? Through the?

Answer 39

-Sieve tube elements -through the plasmodesmata

Question 40

The concentration of sucrose in the tube elements causes? What pressure does it put inside sieve tube elements?

Answer 40

- Water to move from xylem to the sieve tube elements - increase in hydrostatic pressure

Question 41

The bulk movement of phloem sap (sucrose) down to the sink is called? When the phloem reaches the sink what are the two things sucrose can be converted into? G, S

Answer 41

Mass flow Glucose and starch

Question 42

When the phloem sap reaches the sink what happens to water potential? Where will the water go? And what process does it continue? T

Answer 42

Increases Back into Xylem Transpiration stream