3.1.1.2 Structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system

Question 1

The pathway of air steps

Answer 1

Mouth/nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 2

Gaseous exchange occurs in the

Answer 2

alveoli

Question 3

The exchange of gas is

Answer 3

Oxygen to blood vessels, CO2 to alveoli

Question 4

Features that help gas exchange in alveoli

Answer 4

Large surface area of alveoli
Moist thin walls of blood vessels
Short diffusion distance
Lots of capillaries
Large blood supply

Question 5

In the red blood cells there is

Answer 5

Haemoglobin

Question 6

Haemoglobin carries

Answer 6

Oxygen on the way to organs
Carbon dioxide on the way to lungs

Question 7

Artery lumen size, wall thickness

Answer 7

Small lumen, thick elastic walls

Question 8

Vein lumen size and wall thickness, other feature

Answer 8

Large lumen, thin walls, valves

Question 9

Capillaries lumen size, wall thickness

Answer 9

Tiny lumen, one cell thick walls to allow for diffusion

Question 10

Function of arteries

Answer 10

Always carries blood away from the heart. Oxygenated blood unless to the lungs to be oxygenated.
Carries at high blood pressure to get around the body fast.
Can vasoconstrict and dilate

Question 11

Vasconstriction

Answer 11

Smaller lumen to redistribute blood to toher places more

Question 12

Vasodilation

Answer 12

Larger lumen so that more blood gets to desired place

Question 13

Vein function

Answer 13

Carry blood towards the heart always. Deoxygenated from body, oxygenated from lungs.
Low blood pressure, valves to prevent backflow.

Question 14

Capillary function

Answer 14

To carry blood close to organs to allow the oxygen to diffuse out to organs through gas exchange.
Connect arteries and veins.
Allow co2 out of organs

Question 15

Heart blood journey

Answer 15

Deoxygenated blood via Vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Deoxygenated blood via Pulmonary artery
Blood gets oxygenated in the Lungs by gas exchange
Oxygenated blood via Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Oxygenated blood via Aorta to rest of body

Question 16

Systole

Answer 16

When the heart contracts to eject blood out of the ventricles

Question 17

Diastole

Answer 17

When the heart relaxes to allow blood in to the atria

Question 18

Cardiac output

Answer 18

The amount of blood pumped by the heart every minute

Question 19

Heart rate

Answer 19

Amount of times the heart beats in a minute

Question 20

Stroke volume

Answer 20

Amount of blood pumped by the heart every beat(contraction)

Question 21

Cardiac output(Q)=

Answer 21

Heart rate(HR) x Stroke Volume(SV)

Question 22

During inhalation at rest

Answer 22

Intercostals contract
The rib cage expands
Diaphragm contracts

Question 23

During exhalation at rest

Answer 23

Intercostals relax
Rib cage shrinks
Diaphragm relaxes

Question 24

During exercise, breathing in and out is called

Answer 24

Inspiration and Expiration

Question 25

During inspiration whilst exercising

Answer 25

Pectorals and sternocleidomastoid contract

Question 26

During expiration whilst exercise

Answer 26

pectorals and sternocleidomastoid relax. Abdominals contract to push air out quicker

Question 27

Air pressure during inhalation

Answer 27

Air pressure decreases in lungs due to the chest cavity getting bigger, which means air rushes in

Question 28

Air pressure during exhalation

Answer 28

Air pressure increases in the lungs due to chest cavity getting smaller, which means air rushes out ot the lower pressure in the surroundings

Question 29

Spirometer traces show

Answer 29

Lung capacity

Question 30

Tidal volume is

Answer 30

Amount of air breathed in with each normal breath

Question 31

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 31

Maximum amount of additional air that can be be inhaled after a normal breath

Question 32

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 32

Maximum amount of additional air that can be forced out of the lungs after a normal breath

Question 33

Residual volume is

Answer 33

The amount of air in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume. Prevents the lungs collapsing

Question 34

exercise effect on spirometer trace

Answer 34

Tidal volume gets larger and more breatsh are taken per miute Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume therefore get smaller