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Animal Welfare > 317 Final > Flashcards

317 Final Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

agonistic

A

any behavior that is elicited during conflict

aggressive behavior, fear, or flight

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2
Q

agoraphobic

A

fear of new or unfamiliar places

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3
Q

allogrooming

A

grooming another individual

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4
Q

allorubbing

A

rubbing on another individual as a form of scent marking and expression of affiliation

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5
Q

altricial

A

requiring parental care and feeding for survival at birth

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6
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite for food

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7
Q

anxiety

A

anticipation of harm or danger

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8
Q

associative learning

A

learning through association between two or more stimuli or events

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9
Q

aversive stimuli

A

a stimulus that an animal finds unpleasant or painful and wishes to avoid

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10
Q

behavior chain

A

multiple behaviors that are trained together in sequence and which eventually can be elicited using a single cue

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11
Q

bunting

A

head rubbing on objects or caretakers

form of marking behavior in cats

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12
Q

castration

A

surgical removal of the testes in the male

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13
Q

classical condition

A

type of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes conditioned to elicit a response through repeated pairing with and unconditioned stimulus

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14
Q

clicker

A

toy noisemaker commonly used as a conditioned reinforcer in dog and cat training

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15
Q

cognitive dysfunction

A

age-related neurodegenerative disorder resulting in a decline in higher brain functions of learning and memory

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16
Q

commensalism

A

a relationship in which an individual benefits from associations and interactions with another individual, group or species on a temporary or permanent basis

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17
Q

conditioned reinforcer

A

neutral stimulus that repeatedly and reliably precedes a primary reinforcer, eventually taking on the properties of the primary reinforcer

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18
Q

conspecific

A

belonging to the same species or social group

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19
Q

contiguity

A

the relationship between two events in time and place

paired events

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20
Q

contingency

A

the predictability of two events occurring together

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21
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

provision of reinforcement every time a behavior is offered

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22
Q

coprophagia

A

stool eating

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23
Q

crepuscular

A

active during early morning and dusk

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24
Q

cue

A

stimulus that elicits a behavior

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25
desensitization
behavior modification technique that involves gradually increasing an animal's tolerance to a particular stimulus by gradually increasing the intensity of the stimulus
26
differential reinforcement
provision od reinforcement only for those behaviors that meet a predetermined criterion of form, frequency, or duration
27
diurnal
being awake and active during the daylight hours and sleeping during the nighttime hours
28
dominance
relationship determined by behaviors that allow repeated access to and control over multiple types of desired resources
29
ecological niche
specific mirco-habitat in nature to which populations or organisms gradually adapt provides food, nesting, mating, and protection
30
ethology
the study of the behavior of animals in their normal environment
31
extinction
the diminishing and eventual termination of a behavior when no reinforcement occurs
32
extinction burst
a temporary increase in a behavior in response to the removal of reinforcing stimuli
33
familial
observed within a family lineage
34
flooding
behavior modification technique in which the animal is repeatedly exposed to an aversive stimulus without opportunity to escape with the intent of desensitizing the animal to the stimuli
35
genotyping
genetic make up of an individual
36
habituation
non-associative learning involving reduction in an innate response (fear) through repeated exposure to a non-harmful stimulus
37
instrumental learning
trial and error learning
38
intermittent reinforcement
occasional provision of reinforcement in response to a targeted behavior
39
luring
inducing part or all of a behavior by guiding
40
marking
deposition of urine to leave an olfactory signal
41
negative punishment
the removal or withholding of a pleasurable or desired stimulus in response to a behavior, decreasing in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior
42
negative reinforcement
the removal or withholding of an aversive stimulus in response to a behavior, resulting in an increase in the frequency of the behavior
43
Neophobia
fear of the unknown or unfamiliar
44
nocturnal
being awake and active when it is dark and sleeping during the day
45
observational learning
a form of social learning in which one individual learns a new behavior simply by obsesrving another engaged in the behavior
46
olfactory
involving the nose and sense of smell
47
ontogeny
development of an individual from birth to adult
48
onychectomy
surgical procedure for declawing cats in which the distal portion of the front and sometimes the back digits are amputated
49
ovariohysteretomy
surgical removal of the female reproductive tract | spaying
50
phenotype
set of observable characteristics that are determined by genotype
51
pheromones
hormone-like substances secreted by an individual and which affect the behavior of another individual of the same species often related to reproductive behavior
52
pica
consumption of non-nutritive items
53
piloerection
reflex in which the muscles at the base of the dogs hairs contract and causes the hairs on the back to stand up
54
positive punishment
addition of an aversive stimulus in response to a behavior that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future
55
positive reinforcement
addition of a pleasant stimulus in response to a behavior that results in an increase in the behavior in the future
56
precocial
capable of a high degree of independent activity at birth
57
primary reinforcer
a stimulus that is inherently reinforcing when provided as a consequence of a behavior
58
punishment
a consequence that causes a reduction in the frequency of the behaviors that it follows
59
reinforcement
a consequence that causes an increase in the frequency of the behavior that either attains a desired stimulus or avoids an aversive stimulus
60
release word
a verbal cue that signals the end of a behavior
61
sensitive periods
development stages during which an animal is especially sensitive to learning particular types of associations and social behaviors
62
sexual dimorphism
the occurrence of anatomical difference between males and females of the same species
63
shaping
modifying behavior by sequentially reinforcing behaviors that progressively approximate the target behavior
64
social facilitation
effect of group interactions upon individual behavior
65
socialization period
developmental stage during which young animal from primary social relationships and develop species-specific behavioral patterns
66
spraying
marking posture used by cats to deposit urine on vertical surfaces
67
stimulus
change in the environment that evokes a behavioral response
68
stressor
a stimulus that elicits a stress response in an animal
69
unconditional response
an unlearned response
70
unconditional stimulus
stimulus that provokes and unconditional response
71
xenophobia
fear of strangers

Animal Welfare (6 decks)

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