Exam one study guide Flashcards
why is little known about human thought regarding animals until the beginning of the written word
it was passed through verbal communication and it was not always trustworthy
why is the oral tradition a faulty source of reliable information
stories get changed when they are passed along verbally
name two main reasons that humans have historically refrained from committing cruel acts to animals
- transmigration of souls
2. if you can harm an animal you could harm a human
explain how Aristotle’s great chain of being worked. also identify which soul he believed humans had and animals lacked
Hierarchy of souls -from the bottom to the top 1. nutritive 2. sensitive 3. rational humans have all 3 and animals only had sensitive and nutritive
the hierarchy of souls go from
- plants
- animals
- humans
- prime mover
how did Aristotle’s thoughts regarding the difference between humans and animals find their way into religious ideologies
lesser souls exist to serve the higher souls
Aristotles great chain got absorbed into Roman Law and then the roman law became Christian law
Rene descartes’ basic sentiment toward animals and how his thoughts made it into scientific thought in our country
Two things differentiated humans and animals
1. Rationality
2. Language
He believed animals were like machines
what is ockhams razor
the simplest answer is the right one
Immanuel Kant used the presence of a will to separate humans from animals. Describe his reasoning from this view.
Intrinsic value is good will
He believed animals lacked good will so they did not have the ability to choose
Jeremy Bentham’s famous quote and meaning
“The question is not can they reason nor can they talk? but can they suffer”
people realize that they have feelings
- who was Ruth Harrison
- what was the name of the book
- what did the book describe and why was it important
- she was a british homemaker who was interested in pregnant sows, laying hens, and veal calves
- animal machines
- described high levels of confinement and unsanitary conditions and this helped to create the 5 freedoms
who was the first chair of the farm animal welfare council (FAWC)
F.W. Rogers Brambell
list the 5 freedoms
- freedom from pain injury and disease
- freedom from discomfort
- freedom from hunger and thirst
- freedom from fear and distress
- freedom to express normal behavior
What were Peter Carruthers criteria he feels must be met to have conscious experiences
you have to be able to have higher order thoughts or “thoughts about thoughts”
animals lack consciousness
what is the name of the book written by peter singer? how was it influencial
Animal Liberation
if someone believes in equality they must believe in the Principle of Equal Consideration of Interests
What is speciesism
if a boy and a dog want to liv but you pick one over the other you are being speciesist
What were Marian Dawkins two animal welfare questions? and give an example of when the answer to both questions is yes but welfare still declines
- is the animal healthy
- does the animal have what it wants
if a cow is healthy and gets into corn, at the time is has what it wants and it is healthy, but if it eats too much corn its welfare dramatically decreases and this condition could result in death
What wast the contribution Bernard Rollin made to animal use in teaching and research
use of telos which refers to the nature of the animal
what was the importance of the cruelty to animals act of 1876
to review and approve all animal use in research
precursor to our LAWA
what major event regarding laboratory animal welfare prompted the passage of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966
Pepper the Dalmation
what two entities were regulated by the LAWA of 1966
dealers and laboritories
before the LAWA of 1966 was implemented some provisions had to be made. Name the 8 provisions and how they were regulated
- ventilation
- food
- water
- housing
- proper vet care
- sanitation
- separation by species
- shelter from environmental conditions
regulated by random inspections
name 5 loopholes that the LAWA 1966 had
- only certain species were covered
- only facilities with dogs and cats were regulated
- regulatory oversight was not provided to animals during lab procedures
- dealers could engage in intrastate dealing
- labs who were not federally funded were not covered
what is an IACUC, where would you find one, who are its members, and what does it do
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- find one in universities and research labs
- a vet, a scientist, and a community member
1. it reviews animal use protocols
2. inspect animal facilites
3. investigate complaints
4. report to the highest ranking member of the organization
what are the common provisions granted to livestock in recent legislation
livestock need to be able to stand up, fully extend limbs, and turn around freely