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Animal Welfare > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is humane slaughter?

A

the killing of an animal for food by inflicting minimal to no pain

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2
Q

what were the two major laws that are relevant to humane slaughter?

A

1873 - The 28 Hour Law

1958 - The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act

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3
Q

what is The 28 Hour Law?

A

rail, steam, sail, or vessels of any description
amended to include trucks in 1994
enforcement began in 1996
must let animals rest, eat, and drink

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4
Q

what is The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act?

A

slaughter must be painless
poultry are exempt
this act had the most impact

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5
Q

who presented the first humane slaughter legislation?

A

Senator Hubert Humphrey and Representative Martha Griffiths

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6
Q

what was the purpose of the humane methods of slaughter act of 1978 do?

A

prevent needless suffering
improve safety and conditions for workers
improvement of meat products
increased economy of slaughter operations

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7
Q

what were the two methods of the 1902 humane methods?

A

conventional

religious

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8
Q

what was the religious method of the 1902 humane method?

A

slaughter according to the Jewish faith

the animal losses consciousness by simultaneous and instantaneous severance of the carotid artery

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9
Q

what was the conventional method of the 1902 humane method?

A

the animal is rendered insensible to pain after one blow to the head that is fast and effective before being shackled and cut

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10
Q

what are some regulations for a slaughter facility?

A 
pens maintained to prevent injury
non-slip flooring
roof over pen 
sharp corners and direction reversal are minimized
should always have access to water
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11
Q

what are the regulations when it comes to electric prods?

A

should not be used excessively
only used on 25% of the animals
must not exceed 50 volts

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12
Q

what are some unacceptable tools for handling livestock?

A

pipes
baseball bats
broom handles

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13
Q

what are the regulations for handling disabled animals?

A

must be moved to their own pen
can not be dragged
but you can use a sled, sling, or bucket
“the cow who stole Christmas”

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14
Q

what do you typically do with downer cattle?

A

euthanize

illegal to slaughter disabled animals for human consumption

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15
Q

what are the approved stunning methods??

A

chemical - carbon dioxide gas
electrical
mechanical - gunshot or captive bolt
barbiturate overdose

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16
Q

what are the two religious groups that are associated with religious slaughter?

A

Judaism - Kosher

Muslim - Halal

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17
Q

for Kosher, where are the rules of slaughter written?

A

Talmud

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18
Q

what is the purpose of the Talmud?

A

contains the rules of slaughter
food safety
animal welfare

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19
Q

what animals can be Kosher?

A

only ruminants
cattle
goats
sheep

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20
Q

what is the Kosher slaughter process called?

A

Shechita

Shochet

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21
Q

who is allowed to do the slaughter process for Kosher?

A 
slaughterman
specially trained Jewish male
must be pious (fair, good person)
some times the local Rabbi
must perform it "in the name of God"
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22
Q

what is a chalef?

A

special knife used to cut the neck of the animal

  • must be free from imperfections
  • must be two times as long as the length of the neck
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23
Q

for Kosher slaughter, what must they sever when cutting the animals neck?

A

both carotid arteries
both jugular veins
trachea

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24
Q

what are some major issues when it comes to ritual slaughter?

A

stressfulness of restraint
pain perception during the incision
latency of onset of insensibility (the amount of time it takes the animal to go unconscious)

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25
what is a modern restraint method?
head holder head must be restrained only use the amount of pressure needed to restrain the animal
26
what are some welfare tips for religious slaughter without stunning?
calm the animals so they lose sensibility faster fast knife strokes are more effective perform throat cut immediately after restraint vocalization score of 5% or less knife is twice the width of the neck release pusher gate and head restraint after the cut
27
what are the difference between Muslim slaughter and Kosher slaughter?
``` Halal - Muslim - can stun if it is reversible - can be performed by a "person of the book" Kosher - Jewish - no pre-slaughter stunning - can only be performed by a trained Jewish male ```
28
what are 3 factors the must be considered to maintain animal welfare during ritual slaughter?
stress free how long it take for the animal to become unconscious pain perception
29
what are some issues with wildlife welfare?
societal concerns orphaned animals hunting fishing
30
what should you do when you find an orphaned or abandoned animal?
1. wait - check to see if the mother returns - contact DNR if mother does not return 2. don't touch - do not want to get your scent on the animal - if you have to move it wear gloves 3. do not approach - could be sick - if you get scratched or bitten you could be affected too 4. do not adopt - can be dangerous for the animal and you
31
is it possible to hunt or fish humanely?
yes | quick and pain free death
32
what are some reasons to hunt?
leisure or hobby food family tradition the thrill!
33
why does society allow hunting?
population control
34
what are major welfare issues with hunting?
length and distress associated with pursuit | latency to onset of insensibility
35
how can you improve the welfare of hunted animals?
practice to ensure an accurate shot take shots with low inherent risk place rapidly lethal shots -head or thoracic region
36
what are some reasons to go fishing?
hobby food family tradition
37
why does society allow fishing?
historical source of food bonds with family and friends maintenance of aquatic ecosystem
38
what are some welfare issues when it comes to fishing?
tissue damage | latency to onset of insensibility
39
how can you improve the animal welfare of fishing?
use barbless hooks for catch and release keep fish in water if catching for food kill immediately
40
what is euthanasia?
the intentional cause of a painless and easy death to a patient suffering from an incurable or painful disease
41
what are some unacceptable methods of euthanasia for animals?
manually applied blunt force trauma to the head injection of chemical agents into conscious animals air embolism electrocution with 120V electricity gas chamber
42
what is a barbiturate overdose?
60-80 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital intravenous administration causes rapid unconsciousness and anesthesia followed by death must be administered by a veterinarian with a DEA (drug enforcement agency) license
43
what is a captive bolt?
uses a pneumatic or powder fired retractable metal rod very portable highly effective may be followed by a secondary step (exsanguination) approved for all species by American Veterinary Medical Association
44
what kind of fire arm can you use for euthanasia?
``` pistol, rifle, or shotgun any caliber that produces immediate insensibility a solid bullet must be used highly effective approved for all species ```
45
where do you place the device for stunning?
sheep and goats - top of the head cattle - center of forehead swine - parallel to spinal column. one inch about eyes
46
after stunning what signs should you look for?
corneal reflex rhythmic breathing heartbeat
47
what do you do if you see any of those signs after stunning?
secondary step to induce rapid and painless insensibility immediately
48
what is the difference between captive bolt and fire arm?
fire are releases something | captive bolt has retractable bolt
49
how long should an animal be monitored to confirm death after euthanasia?
5 minutes
50
how can companies maintain trust?
auditing
51
what are some reasons for auditing?
``` verification recognition niche marketing consumer assurance management tool ```
52
what does the auditing party do?
helps determine credibility
53
what is first party auditing?
self auditing | little intrinsic credibility
54
what is second party auditing?
audit performed by interested party (purchasers) | intrinsic credibility limited
55
what is third party auditing?
audit performed by an outside group (specialized in audits) | highest intrinsic credibility
56
what are characteristics of a good auditing program?
animal based - measure a few things that tell a lot objective scoring - little inter-auditor variations performed by third party - must at least perform spot-audits regularly verified - at least annually high standards
57
what is the criteria for the meat industry program?
``` stunning efficacy > 95% bleed rail insensibility 100% falls < 1% vocalization < 3% electric prod use < 25% no willful acts of abuse ```
58
what are some challenges with auditing?
potential for inaccurate assessment - changes in the animals from day to day - changes in employees from day to day - small time sample - operation may learn how to "put in a show" - people tidy up fast or slow the line speed
59
what happens if an auditing program does not improve industry standards?
it goes down
60
what company and person were instrumental in starting animal welfare auditing in meat plants?
Temple Grandan
61
what are the issues with in-person audits?
unrealistic representation | falsification of internal audits
62
what is remote video auditing?
conduction of unannounced audits with the use of video | -works through secure internet connection
63
what the theory with remote video auditing?
audit fewer animals at more time periods throughout the day to catch possible errors
64
what is random sampling?
auditing a small subset of activities randomly could have sustained broad based impact on staff performance
65
what is coaching theme?
providing continuous feedback to staff and line managers
66
what is measuring excellence?
focusing measurements on success vs. failure
67
what are reward programs?
instituting low-cost, high impact recognition/reward programs
68
what percentage of cattle are being monitored with RVA?
50%
69
what is the difference between RVA and CCTV
RVA is off site | CCTV is on site
70
how does RVA system differ from in-person audits?
more cost effective and reliable
71
what was the watershed moments that made most slaughter plants switch to RVA?
slaughter plant went bankrupt

Animal Welfare (6 decks)

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