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RSFC chemistry > 3.2 Alkanes > Flashcards

3.2 Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

Saturated

A

Compounds with single bonds only

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds with carbon and hydrogen only

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3
Q

General formula

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

Factors affecting boiling point of alkanes

A

Chain length
Number of branches

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5
Q

Trend of boiling point with increasing carbon chain length

A

Boiling point increases
More molecules
Strength of induced dipole dipole between molecules gets stronger

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6
Q

Trend of boiling point with increasing number of branches

A

Boiling point decreases
More branches
More surface contact area
Induced dipole dipole between molecules stronger

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7
Q

Crude oil

A

Mixture of hydrocarbons with different chain lengths

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8
Q

Fraction

A

Mixture of compounds with similar BP and size of molecules

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9
Q

Features of fractional distillation

A
  • Crude oil heated to vaporise and enters column
  • Hydrocarbons have different BP, depending on size, Mr and chain length
  • Cooler at the top and hotter at the bottom
  • Larger molecules condense at the bottom
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10
Q

Fractions in column

A

Gasoline
Naphtha
Paraffin
Diesel
Lubricating oil
Bitumen

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11
Q

Purpose of cracking

A

To make alkenes and shorter chain molecules

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12
Q

Thermal cracking conditions

A

High temp : 700-1200K
High pressure : 7000KPa

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13
Q

Products of thermal cracking

A

One alkane
Many alkenes

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14
Q

Catalytic cracking conditions

A

High temp : 720K
Slight pressure : 100KPa
Catalyst: Zeolite

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15
Q

Products of catalytic cracking

A

High percentage of branched alkanes and cycloalkanes

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16
Q

Complete combustion of nonane

A

C9H20 + 14O2 –> 9CO2 + 10H2O

17
Q

Incomplete combustion of dodecane to produce gases only

A

C10H22 + 21/2O2 –> 10CO + 11H2O

18
Q

Incomplete combustion of but-1-ene to produce a solid

A

C4H8 + 2O2 –> 4C + 4H2O

19
Q

What is carbon dioxide

A

Greenhouse gas

20
Q

What is water

A

Greenhouse gas

21
Q

What is carbon monoxide

A

Poisonous gas

22
Q

What does solid carbon do

A

Damages the lungs

23
Q

Equation for the formation of acid rain

A

SO2 + 1/2O2 + H2O –> H2SO4

24
Q

Equation for the formation of sulphur dioxide

A

S + O –> SO2

25
Q

Equation of nitrogen dioxide dissolving in rainwater

A

4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 –> 4HNO3

26
Q

What is a catalytic converter

A

A honeycomb structure made of platinum and rhodium

27
Q

What does a catalytic converter do

A

Converts some of the harmful gases in a car exhaust into less harmful gases
Increases the surface area, increasing the rate of reactions

28
Q

What are the problems with unburned hydrocarbons

A

They are toxic and ca n. cause cancer if breathed in

29
Q

Desulfurisation

A

Acidic sulphur dioxide neutralised by alkali

30
Q

Removal of carbon and nitrogen monoxide equation

A

2NO + 2CO –> N2 + 2CO2

RSFC chemistry (19 decks)

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