3.2 Voor PGD

Question 1

Waar gaat artikel Bonanno over?

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 1

Onderzoek die ook preloss meenemt.

Onderzoek in het verliezen van je partner

Chronic grief, absence of grief, delayed grief etc.

Question 2

Predictions

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 2

Compared to resilient grievers, chronic grievers will show:
- Lower quality relationship with partner
- Less coping resources
- More vulnerable world view
- Unfavourable preloss context

Question 3

5 caterogies for participants

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 3

1. Resilience (45%)
2. Chronic grief (15.6%)
3. Common grief (10.7%)
4. Improvement of depression (10.2%)
5. Chronic depression (7.8%)

Question 4

Hypotheses

Chronic grief partly due to conflict and ambivalence with partner, resilient griever have adjusted well

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 4

They failed to prove this hypothesis.

There were no sig differences in quality of relationship between resilient, common grief and chronic grief

Question 5

Hypotheses

Chronic grief might result from a high level of dependency

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 5

Hypothesis was supported.
Chronic grievers showed sig higher dependency on their partners.

Question 6

Hypotheses

Resilient individuals are cold and distant

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 6

Hypothesis not supported

Question 7

Hypotheses

Chronic grief is due to less coping resources, whereas resilient individuals have more coping mechanisms

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 7

Failed to support this hypothesis.

Only chronically depressed group scores significantly lower in coping mechanisms than every other group.

Question 8

Hypotheses

Resilient individuals have a worldview that helps them to accept the loss and believe in a fair world

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 8

This hypothesis is supported.

Question 9

Hypotheses

Chronic grievers have less social and instrumental support

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 9

Partly supported.

It showed sign differences only for instrumental support, not for social support.

Question 10

Discussion

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 10

1. Chronic grief can be differentiated from chronic depression and other grief groups.
2. Resilient group was the biggest group, not the common grief group.
3. First study to find depression improved group
4. Not evidence for delayed grief pattern.

Question 11

What were most important predictors of chronic grief?

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 11

1. High dependency
2. Low instrumental support
3. Having a spouse that was not sick before

Question 12

Symptoms associated with chronic depression

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 12

• Not having anything positive to say about the relationship.
• Highly emotional unstable
• Little or no confidence in own ability to deal with stressful events
• Believing they cannot control nega events

Question 13

Findings resilient group

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 13

They are not maladaptive, as assumed before.

They are well-adjusted and show sufficient coping resources to deal with loss.

Question 14

Findings depressed improved groups

Bonanno et al. (2002)

Answer 14

They were:
- Maladjusted
- Self-absorbed
- Deficient coping resources dealing with stress
- Rather negative and ambivalent feelings about mariage
- Introspective
- Emotionally unstable
- Feeling that world was unfair for them

More likely that:
- Partner was seriously ill
- Little instrumental support