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MSK 3 > Posture > Flashcards

Posture Flashcards

1
Q

Surface Condition

A

-changes in texture, color, moisture, scars

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2
Q

Surface contours

A
  • circumferential and segmental bands of soft tissue may suggest instability
  • flattened/tight areas suggest muscle imbalances
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3
Q

Soft Tissue Proportions

A

-asymmetries between sides, over development vs atrophy may indicate structural and/or biomechanical differences

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4
Q

Sternal-Rib Angle

A

Normal: 90*
>100=tight IO, weak EO
<75=tight EO

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5
Q

Tight EO

A
  • lead to post pelvic tilt and lumbar flexion

- fully flex arms and inhale: if no increase in Sternal-Rib angle=EO short

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6
Q

Clavicular Angle

A
  • 15-20* upward (medial to lateral)

- AC joint higher than SC joint

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7
Q

Horizontal Clavicle

A
  • depressed shoulder girdle

- long upper trap

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8
Q

Excessive Upward angle of Clavicle

A
  • elevated shoulder girdle

- tight upper trap

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9
Q

SC Joint

A

-Even bilaterally

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10
Q

SAM Test

A
  • Spinal Activated Manubrium Test
  • Pt: seated, hands in lap
  • PT: facing pt, looking up at manubrium; hands on upper trap with thumbs midway between manubrial notch and manubriosternal junction
  • Procedure: pt look down and up while PT monitors for asymetrical movement
  • Flexion: if manubrium rotates right=T1/2 or T2/3 facet on right doesn’t flex properly
  • Extension: same as above but facet doesn’t extend properly
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11
Q

Finding T1

A
  • C6 moves ant with extension
  • C7 stable with extension
  • T1 SP translates posterior with pressure on sternum
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12
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A
  • Find: pull humerus caudally

- high AC=severe sprain

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13
Q

Increased pain with exhalation & decreased pain with inhalation

A

-consider thoracic disc lesion

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14
Q

Increased pain with inhalation

A

-consider rib pathology

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15
Q

Transverse Process “Finger Rule”–TS

A
  • T1-2=one finger cranial to SP
  • T3-4=two fingers cranial
  • T5-8=three fingers cranial
  • T9-10=two fingers cranial
  • T11-12=one finger cranial
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16
Q

Olecranon Position

A
  • faces posteriorly in neutral

- faces forward with full shoulder flexion

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17
Q

Scapular Downward Rotation

A
  • inf angle of scap medial to upper portion
  • Cause: rhomboids and levator scapulae are short and upper trap long
  • serratus ant long
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18
Q

Scapular Position

A
  • Vertebral border is vertical & 3” from SP
  • Superior angle: T1/2
  • Scapular Spine: T3
  • Inferior Angle: T7
19
Q

Scapular Upward Rotation

A
  • spine of scap medial to inferior angle

- Cause: trap (any/all) short

20
Q

Scapular Elevation

A
  • Sup border higher than T1/2
  • Causes:
  • If sup angle high but acromion not=short levator
  • entire scap high and acromion high=short upper trap
21
Q

Scapular Depression

A
  • sup border scap below T2 (long neck)
  • Cause: upper trap long
  • pec major and lat dorsi short
22
Q

Scapular Abduction

A
  • vertebral border more than 3” from midline of thorax

- Cause: short serratus and/or pec major

23
Q

Scapular Adduction

A
  • vert border less than 3” from SP
  • Cause: rhomboids, trap short
  • Long serratus ant
24
Q

Scapular Ant Tilt

A
  • inferior angle of scap away from rib cage
  • Cause: short pec minor and/or short biceps
  • weak low trap
25
Q

Scapular Winging

A
  • vertebral border of scap away from thorax

- Cause: short/weak serratus, scoliosis

26
Q

Normal Humerus Alignment

A
  • <1/3 hum head in front of acromion
  • antecubital crease faces forward
  • olecranon face posterior
  • palm faces body
  • humerus vertical (from front and side)
27
Q

Anterior Humerus

A
  • > 1/3 head ant to acromion
  • Causes:
  • abd/tilted scapula
  • tight post capsule
  • lax ant capsule
28
Q

Medially Rotated Humerus

A
  • olecranon lateral/palm posterior
  • causes
  • Shortened IR Mm
29
Q

Lat Rotated Humerus

A
  • Rare: check if scap is Abducted

- Causes: shortened ER Mm

30
Q

Flexion/Extension of Humerus

A
  • distal portion of humerus is ant or post to proximal

- Causes: shortened Mm

31
Q

If GH ROM is limited–Rule IN cervical involvement

A
  • ROM in standing
  • ROM in supine with cervical distraction
  • Rule in Neck if supine ROM increases 10* or more
32
Q

Lack of SC posterior rotation (with GH elevation)

A

-biomechanical problem with upward rotation of scap

33
Q

Heavy Arms

A
  • depressed/Abd/downwardly rotated scap

- unstable scap/scap lag with elevation

34
Q

Long Arms

A
  • ant tilted/downwardly rotated scap

- delayed/decreased upward rotation of scap

35
Q

Long Trunk

A

-arm support of chair too low=depressed shoulder/SB trunk to reach

36
Q

Large Breasts

A
  • C-Spine: forward head
  • Shoulders: anterior/med rotated
  • T-Spine: increased thoracic kyphosis
  • Scapulae: downward rotation/depression
  • Sternum: depressed
  • Clavicles: sloped
37
Q

Scapula during first 30-60* GH flexion

A

-variable movement

38
Q

Scapula at 140* GH flexion

A

-scap should stop moving

39
Q

Scapular Movement

A
  • 60* with max arm elevation
  • inferior angle at midaxillary line
  • only minimal elevation/no depression
  • inf angle stays against thorax
  • stable with ER/IR and H. add/abd (to 90*)
40
Q

5 most common impairments of shoulder girdle

Sahrmann

A
  1. short/stiff ER Mm
  2. Insufficient activity of ER Mm
  3. Insufficient activity of Subscap
  4. Dominance of deltoid Mm, causing superior glide of humerus
  5. Shortness of capsule (post and inf)
41
Q

Decreased GH ER

A

with arm abd to 45*=shor tsubscapularis

with arm abd to 90*=tight capsule

42
Q

At end range GH elevation there should be rotation of ________

A

T1, T2, T3

43
Q

Humerus Movement

A
  • rotates in glenoid fossa (constant PICR)
  • olecranon ant (flexion) or lat (abd) at end range
  • capsular end feel
  • no ant translation during lowering

MSK 3 (18 decks)

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