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General Biology II > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Dutch microbiologist _________________ named “virus” which means poison

A

BEIJERINCK

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2
Q

What are the four main parts to the virus?

A

CAPSID
DNA
BODY
FIBER

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3
Q

What is the capsid?

A

It’s the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material

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4
Q

What are the 3 main groupings of viruses?

A

BACTERIAL
ANIMAL
PLANT

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5
Q

Viruses do not display ____________________ characteristics

A

LIVING

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6
Q

Viruses cannot ___________________ independently

A

METABOLIZE

no respiration, protein synthesis, replication, etc…

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7
Q

Viruses must force infected ______________ __________ to replicate viral DNA

A

HOST CELLS

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8
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

They take over the cell’s transcription and translation to reproduce

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9
Q

What are the two types of viruses according to their effects on the host cell? (based on the type of reproduction)

A

LYTIC

LYSOGENIC

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10
Q

________________ viruses lyses (destroys) the host cell

A

LYTIC

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11
Q

_____________ viruses has a dormant stage

A

LYSOGENIC

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12
Q

What are the 5 steps in lytic viral reproduction? (lytic cycle)

A 
ATTACHMENT
PENETRATION
REPLICATION
ASSEMBLY
RELEASE
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13
Q

In this stage of the lytic cycle, attachment to the host cell surface takes place.

A

ATTACHMENT

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14
Q

In this stage of the lytic cycle, the nucleic acid of the virus enters the cytoplasm of the host cell.

A

PENETRATION

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15
Q

In this stage of the lytic cycle, info on the viral nucleic acid directs the host cell to create new viral components.

A

REPLICATION

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16
Q

In this stage of the lytic cycle, components are put together.

A

ASSEMBLY

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17
Q

In this stage of the lytic cycle, enzymes from the virus destroy the host plasma membrane and release the new viruses

A

RELEASE

18
Q

How long does it take to complete the lytic cycle?

A

20 minutes to an hour

19
Q

Be able to draw out and diagram the lytic cycle.

A

YOU GOT THAT DUMBASS

20
Q

What are the four steps to the lysogenic cycle?

A

ATTACHMENT
PENETRATION
INTEGRATION
REPLICATION

21
Q

The lysogenic cycle usually _________________ the host

A

DOES NOT KILL

22
Q

During what stage of the lysogenic cycle does the viral nucleic acid become part of the host cell DNA?

A

INTEGRATION

23
Q

During what stage of the lysogenic cycle does the virus replicate?

A

REPLICATION (duh)

24
Q

In the lysogenic cycle, how does the virus replicate?

A

It replicates when the cell itself replicates

25
Q

___________________ may stay dormant or become lytic if conditions change. (x-rays, UV light)

A

THE LYSOGENIC CYCLE

26
Q

What are the two types of human and animal viruses?

A

ATTACHMENT

PENETRATION

27
Q

_________________ viruses don’t survive well outside a host

A

ANIMAL

28
Q

Humans suffer from _________ to _________ viruses a year

A

2 to 6

29
Q

What do plant cells have that stop viruses?

A

Thick Cell Walls

30
Q

What must first happen to plants for viruses to get in?

A

The plants must first be damaged

31
Q

How are viruses passed through plants?

A

They are passed on through seeds or a sexual propagation

32
Q

What are viroids?

A

Short RNA strands with no protective coat

33
Q

What causes plant diseases?

A

Viroids

34
Q

___________ are smaller than viruses

A

Viroids

35
Q

What are prions?

A

Prions are infective proteins that spontaneously arise

36
Q

_____________ have no DNA or RNA

A

Prions

37
Q

Prions cause what?

A

Prions cause transmissible spongiform encaphalopathies like BSE

38
Q

What is BSE?

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis

39
Q

What is another name for Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis?

A

Mad Cow Disease

40
Q

What is the transmissible spongiform encaphalapathy that occurs in sheep and goats called?

A

SCRAPIE

41
Q

What is the transmissible spongiform encaphalopathy that occurs in elk and deer?

A

CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE

42
Q

What is the transmissible spongiform encaphalopathy that occurs in humans called?

A

CJD

General Biology II (15 decks)

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