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General Biology II > Kingdom Animalia > Flashcards

Kingdom Animalia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five characteristics common to most animals?

A

Multicellular

Heterotrohpic

Specialized cells for specialized functions

They are capable of locomotion at some point

Reproduce sexually

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2
Q

What is symmetry in terms of animals?

A

The arrangement of body structures relative to the body axis

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3
Q

What does the term asymmetrical mean?

A

It means that no “cuts” can be made through the organism and make equal halves

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4
Q

What does the term radial symmetrical mean?

A

Radial symmetry has many planes

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5
Q

What does the term bilateral symmetry mean?

A

Bilateral symmetry means that only one plane can be made to give roughly equivalent halves

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6
Q

What are the three tissue layers?

A

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm

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7
Q

In early development of all animals, except sponges, cells form layers called ________________

A

GERM LAYERS

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8
Q

What is the “ectoderm”?

A

The outer covering of body and nervous tissue

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9
Q

What is the “endoderm” ?

A

The inner layer that forms lining of digestive tube and structures.

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10
Q

What is the “mesoderm”?

A

It gives rise to skeletal, muscle, cardiovascular, and others

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11
Q

What are the three types of body cavities?

A

`Acoelomate

Pseudocoelomate

True coelomate

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12
Q

Describe the acoelomate body cavity type?

A

Aceolomates have no body cavity

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13
Q

Describe pseudocoelomate body cavity

A

The body cavity is not completely lined with mesoderm

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14
Q

Describe true coelomates

A

True coelomates have a body cavity completely lined with a mesoderm

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15
Q

Sponges are associated with what phylum?

A

Phylum Porifera

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16
Q

What does the term sessile mean?

A

Unable to move

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17
Q

In terms of sponges, what does “benthic” mean?

A

It means to “live at the bottom”

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18
Q

What are sponges supported by?

A

Spicules and spongin

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19
Q

What is “spongoceol”?

A

The central cavity of a sponge

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20
Q

What is the “osculum” in terms of sponges?

A

It is the open end of the sponge

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21
Q

What are “choamocytes” ?

A

The “collar cells” that create water current to bring in food and oxygen in sponges

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22
Q

What are amoeboid cells?

A

Cells that phagocytize food in sponges

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23
Q

How do sponges asexually reproduce?

A

Through budding by gemmules and fragmentation

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24
Q

How do sponges sexually reproduce?

A

By producing eggs and sperm

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25
Q

What are the three types of sponge body types?

A

Ascon

Sycon

Leucon

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26
Q

Describe the ascon sponge body type

A

Tube shaped

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27
Q

Describe the sycon sponge body type

A

Folded body wall

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28
Q

Describe the leucon sponge body type

A

highly folded body wall with no spongocoel

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29
Q

Cnidarians are mostly ____________________

A

MARINE

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30
Q

Cnidarieans have ______________ definite tissue layers

A

TWO

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31
Q

What is the gastrodermis in terms of cnidarians?

A

The gastrodermis lines the gastro vascular cavity and functions in digestion

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32
Q

What si the mesoglea in terms of cnidarians?

A

It separates the above two layers

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33
Q

What is the function of the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians?

A

It serves as intake of food and expulsion of wastes

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34
Q

What are the two body forms of cnidarians?

A

The polyp

The medusa

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35
Q

Describe the upper mouth of the polyp

A

The upper mouth is surrounded by tentacles

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36
Q

What are hermaphrodites?

A

Organisms that produce eggs and sperm

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37
Q

Describe the body of a polyp

A

The polyp has a stalked tube like body

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38
Q

Describe the mouth of a medusa

A

It’s lower mouth i8s surrounded by tentacles

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39
Q

The medusa is “__________”

A

Umbrella like

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40
Q

What is the manubrium?

A

It is the stalk that extends from the mouth of medsa

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41
Q

Are polyps sessile or motile?

A

Sessile

42
Q

Are medusa sessile or motile?

A

Motile

43
Q

What is the function of the mesoglea?

A

It separates the epidermis and gastrodermis

44
Q

What is the basal disk?

A

The basal disk is the structure at the tip of a polyp

45
Q

What are cnidocytes?

A

Cells that contain nematocysts

46
Q

What are nematocysts?

A

Stinging threads

47
Q

What is the function of the contractile cells?

A

The cells use water to form a hydrostatic skeleton

48
Q

What are the three classes from the phylum cnidaria?

A

Class hydrozoa

Class seyphozoa

Class anthrozoa

49
Q

Hydras, physailia, and obelia belong to which class and phylum?

A

Class hydrozoa

Phylum Cnidaria

50
Q

True jellyfish belong to which class and phylum?

A

Class seyphozoa

Phylum Cnidaria

51
Q

Corals belong to which class and phylum?

A

Class Anthozoa

Phylum Cnidaria

52
Q

Sea Anemones belong to which class and phylum?

A

Class Anthozoa

Phylum Cnidaria

53
Q

In terms of obelia, what is a “gonozoid”?

A

A reproductive polyp

54
Q

In terms of obelia, what is a “gastrozoid”?

A

A feeding polyp (tentacles)

55
Q

In terms of obelia, what is the “cenosnare”?

A

The red inner layer

56
Q

In terms of obelia, what is the “perisare”?

A

The blue outer layer

57
Q

Pneumatophores have what three kinds of polyps?

A

Feeding polyps

Defensive polyps

Reproductive polyps

58
Q

What is the function of statocysts?

A

Statocysts detect balance and movement

59
Q

The planarian nervous system is composed of what four things?

A

Statocysts

Eyespots

Ganglion

Two ventro lateral nerve cords

60
Q

What is the scolex?

A

The head of a tapeworm

61
Q

What is the proglottid?

A

A section of a tapeworm

62
Q

Describe a mollusk’s foot and its function

A

The foot of a mollusk is broad, flat, and muscular and is used for locomotion

63
Q

What is the mantle in terms of mollusks?

A

Thin tissue that covers visceral mass and secretes the shell.

64
Q

What is the function of the hemolymph

A

With blood, it bathes tissues directly

65
Q

Mollusk have body organs grouped together called a _______________

A

VISCERAL MASS

66
Q

Describe a dextral shell

A

It has a clockwise spiral

67
Q

Describe a sinestral shell

A

It has a counterclockwise spiral

68
Q

In terms of gastropods, what is the radula?

A

A belt of teeth in te mouth area for scrapping

69
Q

In terms of shell structure, what is the aperture?

A

It is the opening of the shell

70
Q

In terms of shell structure, what is the operculum?

A

It is the structure that covers the opening of the shell

71
Q

Describe the periostracum in terms of shell structure.

A

It is the outermost, thin layer of the shell that is a brownish dark color

72
Q

Describe the prismatic, in terms of shell structure.

A

It is the middle layer of crystals that has a brownish yellow with a porcelain finish

73
Q

Describe the nacreous, in terms of shell structure.

A

It is the shiny, peraly inside layer of the shell with the “mother of pearl” look

74
Q

What is the “valve”?

A

The shell

75
Q

What is the umbo, in terms of shell structure?

A

The umbo is the oldest part of the shell that is the protruding part of the shell

76
Q

Describe the adductor muscles

A

Muscles that close the shell

77
Q

What are chromatophores?

A

Cells that contain pigment granules

78
Q

Brooding,

A

LOOK THAT SHIT UP

79
Q

What is a hydrostatic skeleton?

A

A skeleton that is primarily influenced by water

80
Q

What are parapodia?

A

Biramous appendages from organisms from the class polychaita

81
Q

What is clitellum?

A

A thickened ring of epidermis that secretes a mucous covering in organisms from the class oligochaeta

82
Q

What is setae?

A

Bristle like structures that stem from organisms from the class polychaeeta

83
Q

What does the term metemerization mean?

A

Segmentation

84
Q

What is the function of the cuticle in terms of organisms from the class Oligochaeta?

A

It protects the organism from drying out

85
Q

What is the clitellum in terms of organisms from the class Oligochaeta?

A

It is the thickened ring of epidermis that secretes a mucous coveri9ng

86
Q

What is the function of the chelicerae in terms of organisms from the class arachenida?

A

Its function is to penetrate prey (poison)

87
Q

What is the function of pedipalps in terms of organisms fro mthe class arachenida?

A

Its function is to hold and chew food

88
Q

What is the water vascular system in terms of organisms from the phylum Echinodermata?

A

It is a network of fluid filled canals that function in locomotion, fueling gas exchange

89
Q

What is the ambulacral?

A

The grooves radiating from around the mouth of a starfish

90
Q

What is the madreporite?

A

It is the perforated plate for the entrance of water in the starfish water vascular system

91
Q

In the starfish water vascular system, what is the stone canal?

A

The soft tube madreporite to the ring canal

92
Q

In the starfish water vascular system, what is the ring canal?

A

The ring tube in the central disk

93
Q

In the starfish water vascular system, what is the radial canal?

A

The five canals running medially through each arm

94
Q

In the starfish water vascular system, what is the lateral canal?

A

The lead from the radial canal to the tube feet

95
Q

In the starfish water vascular system, what is the lateral canal?

A

The lead from the radial canal to the tube feet

96
Q

What is the pupa form of a butterfly?

A

Crhysalis

97
Q

What is the larva form of a butterfly

A

Caterpillar

98
Q

What is the pupa form of a moth?

A

Cocoon

99
Q

What is the larva form of a moth?

A

Caterpillar

100
Q

What is the larva form of flies?

A

Maggot

101
Q

What is the larva form of mosquitos?

A

Wiggler

102
Q

What is the larva form of beetles?

A

Grubs

General Biology II (15 decks)

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