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General Biology II > Kingdom Fungi > Flashcards

Kingdom Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

How many known species of fungi are there?

A

More than 81,000

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2
Q

What does saprohilic mean?

A

It means that the organism is a decomposer

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3
Q

What are spores?

A

Mainly nonmotile reproductive cells dispersed by wind, water, and animals

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4
Q

What are the 2 eukaryotic forms of Fungi?

A

Filamentous form

Unicellular form

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5
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi mostly made up of?

A

CHITIN

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6
Q

What are six examples of economic and ecological importance of fungi?

A

They are decomposers

Symbiotic relationships

Retting of flax and other fibers

Destruction of timber and stored goods

Food production

Useful drugs

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7
Q

What does it mean for a fungi to be a decomposer?

A

It means that they recycle nutrients back to new generations

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8
Q

What is meant by symbiotic relationships?

A

The parasitic and mutualistic relationships

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9
Q

What does it mean for an organism to be a parasite?

A

A parasite lives in or on a host and is harmful

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10
Q

What is the fungal disease behind the theory of the witch trials?

A

ERGOT DISEASE (ergotism)

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11
Q

What is another name for mutualistic?

A

MYCORRHIZAE

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12
Q

Describe the relationship between fungus and the roots of plants?

A

The fungus absorbs more water and nutrients, while the plant provides sugars, amino acids, and other nutrients

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13
Q

Chesses, alcoholic beverages, breads, soy sauce, and edible fungi are all examples of what?

A

Food production in fungi

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14
Q

What is the genus name for the “death angel” fungi?

A

AMANITA

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15
Q

What is the genus name for the hallucinogenic fungi?

A

PSILOCYBE

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16
Q

What are 2 useful drugs that come from fungi?

A

PENICILLIN

CYCLOSPORINE

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17
Q

What is the genus and species name for penicillin?

A

Penicillium notatum

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18
Q

What does the drug cyclosporine do?

A

It suppresses the immune system after transplants

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19
Q

What is a hyphae?

A

A filamentous vegetative body

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20
Q

What is mycelium?

A

Tangled tissue-like mass of hyphae

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21
Q

What does the term septate mean?

A

WALLED

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22
Q

What does the term coencytic mean?

A

MANY NUCLE AND UNWALLED

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23
Q

What does the term aseptate mean?

A

UNWALLED

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24
Q

What are the reproductive cells in fungi called?

A

SPORES

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25
Q

When do spores germinate?

A

AFTER DISPERSAL FROM THE PARENT

26
Q

What are Fungi phyla based on?

A

The type of reproduction

27
Q

What do spores develop into?

A

A rapidly growing mesh like group of filaments called mycelium

28
Q

Where does the mycelium grow?

A

Over organic matter

29
Q

Mycelium grows over organic matter creating a good ________________________ for absorption of food

A

SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO

30
Q

What is each filament of the mycelium called?

A

A hyphae

31
Q

What is the hyphae’s function?

A

It allows for nutrient flow throughout the mycelium

32
Q

What are the 4 phyla of fungi?

A

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Deuteromycota

33
Q

What is the common name of Rhizopous stoloniifer?

A

“BLACK BREAD MOLD”

34
Q

Sac Fungi belongs to what phylum?

A

PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA

35
Q

What is an ascocarp?

A

It is the fruiting body belonging to the phylum Ascomycota

36
Q

What is an asci? (ascus)

A

A microscopic sac containing 8 ascospores

37
Q

Most yeasts, mildews, cup fungi, morels, and truffels are all examples of what kind of fungi?

A

SAC FUNGI (Phylum Ascomycota)

38
Q

Club Fungi belongs to what phylum?

A

Phylum Basidiomycota

39
Q

What is a basidium? (basidia)

A

A microscopic club shaped structure which forms basidiospores

40
Q

Bracket Fungi

PUff Balls

Agricus campestris

Coprinius

Fairy Ring

These are examples from what phylum?

A

Phylum Basidiomycota

41
Q

What is a “fairy ring”?

A

A structure founded by the basidiocarps that outline the outer edge of the fungus

42
Q

What phylum contains what is known as the imperfect fungi?

A

Phylum Deuteromycota

43
Q

There is no known sexual stage in what phylum?

A

Phylum Deuteromycota

44
Q

What is a lichen?

A

Half fungi half algae

45
Q

A _______________ is both a fungus and phototroph

A

lichen

46
Q

In a lichen, the fungus is usually what?

A

An ASCOMYCETE

47
Q

In a lichen, the phototroph is usally what?

A

Green algae or Cyanobacteria

48
Q

What are the three types of lichens?

A

Custose

Fruticose

Foliose

49
Q

How would the Crustose lichen be described?

A

“Crusty”

50
Q

How would the Fruticose lichen be described?

A

“Hairy”

51
Q

How would the Foliose lichen be described?

A

“Leafy”

52
Q

What are four ecological and economic applications of lichens?

A

Primary Ecological Succession

Food for wildlife

Litmus

Dyes

53
Q

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

EUKARYOTIC

54
Q

Fungi are non _____________

A

PHOTOSYNTHETIC

55
Q

Fungi have __________________ that contain mostly chitin

A

CELL WALLS

56
Q

All fungi are __________________ and cannot produce their own organic compounds

A

HETEROTROPHIC

57
Q

Fungi reproduce by ______________

A

SPORES

58
Q

Fungi are classified by their means of ____________________

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

59
Q

Some fungi are ______________ and some are _______________ (decomposers)

A

PARASITIC

SAPROPHITIC

60
Q

_______________ recycle nutrients back to new generations

A

DECOMPOSERS

General Biology II (15 decks)

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