Unit 13

Question 1

idea that the government should not intervene in the economy or with market forces

Answer 1

Laissez-faire

Question 2

British reformer on sanitation; Proved disease was related to filth, lack of drainage, sewers, and garbage collection

Answer 2

Edwin Chadwick

Question 3

Disease caused by noxious odors of decay and excrement

Answer 3

miasmatic theory of disease

Question 4

Diseases caused by specific living organisms

Answer 4

germ theory of disease

Question 5

helped prove germ theory in his studies on beer fermentation

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 6

devised antiseptic principle; hands and instruments should be sterilized before surgery

Answer 6

Joseph Lister

Question 7

1st to isolate bacteria; aided in development of vaccines

Answer 7

Robert Koch

Question 8

French leader who commissioned urban re-design of Paris in 1860s and 1870s

Answer 8

Napoleon III

Question 9

urban re-designer of Paris

Answer 9

Georges Haussmann

Question 10

term for highly skilled working class; construction bosses and foremen

Answer 10

labor aristocracy

Question 11

famous dance hall in late 19th century Paris

Answer 11

Moulin Rouge

Question 12

physically deformed artist; depicted Parisian “underbelly” of prostitutes in his art

Answer 12

Henri de Toulouse Lautrec

Question 13

idea that men worked outside the home and women worked in the home

Answer 13

separate spheres

Question 14

said mental illness often had its roots in the REPRESSIVE nature of middle-class families

Answer 14

Sigmund Freud

Question 15

experiments with electromagnetism led to developments in electric motor design

Answer 15

Michael Faraday

Question 16

He applied this scientific way of looking at the world to human origins, which was the traditional realm of RELIGION; wrote On the Origin of Species

Answer 16

Charles Darwin

Question 17

one of the founders of the concept of social Darwinism

Answer 17

Herbert Spencer

Question 18

Literary and artistic movement that said art should depict life exactly as it was

Answer 18

Realism

Question 19

Auguste Comte

Answer 19

He said science could solve SOCIAL problems; one of the founders of modern sociology

Question 20

Emile Zola

Answer 20

wrote Germinal about coalminers strike; most famous of realist authors

Question 21

Leo Tolstoy

Answer 21

wrote War and Peace, realist novel on Napoleonic invasion of Russia

Question 22

Gustave Courbet

Answer 22

most famous realist painter