Unit 3

Question 1

Church beliefs, much of which may include dogma

Answer 1

doctrine

Question 2

the state of being unmarried; implies chastity

Answer 2

Celibacy

Question 3

the lack of sexual behavior

Answer 3

chastity

Question 4

holding more than one Church office at one time

Answer 4

clerical pluralism

Question 5

Church office

Answer 5

benefice

Question 6

Dutch reformers who sought to live simply, aid the poor, and use Christ as their model

Answer 6

Brethren of the Common Life

Question 7

universal; including and pertaining to all believers

Answer 7

ecumenical

Question 8

German Catholic monk who sparked Protestant Reformation

Answer 8

Martin Luther

Question 9

Catholic idea that penance and good deeds could gain you salvation

Answer 9

justification by works

Question 10

state of being saved from sin and its consequences (eternal damnation, Hell)

Answer 10

salvation

Question 11

Lutheran idea that salvation comes through simple faith in Christ

Answer 11

justification by faith

Question 12

written by Martin Luther, outlined idea of justification by faith

Answer 12

On Christian Liberty

Question 13

literally, a portion of the Church’s treasury of merit that one bought for remission of sins

Answer 13

indulgence

Question 14

published by Martin Luther in 1517; challenged indulgences, papal power, and papal wealth

Answer 14

Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences

Question 15

self-punishment as a means to obtain forgiveness of sins

Answer 15

penance

Question 16

communion; refers to Christian sacrament of taking the body and blood of Christ as per his instructions at the Last Supper

Answer 16

Eucharist

Question 17

Lutheran idea that the “Church” was the entire community of Christian believers

Answer 17

priesthood of all believers

Question 18

Catholic belief that bread and wine actually become body and blood of Christ during communion

Answer 18

Transubstantiation

Question 19

Lutheran idea that Christ is present at communion spiritually but the bread and wine are NOT actually His body and blood

Answer 19

Consubstantiation

Question 20

written by Martin Luther; said liberty meant freedom from the Catholic Church in Rome, NOT freedom from legally established SECULAR powers (your prince)

Answer 20

Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of the Peasants (1525)

Question 21

German prince that protected Martin Luther once he was deemed a heretic

Answer 21

Frederick the Wise of Saxony

Question 22

said religion in the German lands would be determined by each individual ruling prince; you had to follow the religion of your prince

Answer 22

Peace of Augsburg

Question 23

written by John Calvin; outlined Calvinist thought and doctrine

Answer 23

Institutes of the Christian Religion

Question 24

Calvinist idea that God, at the beginning of time, decided who would be saved and who would be damned

Answer 24

Predestination

Question 25

Protestant group that believed only adults could make a free choice about religious faith

Answer 25

Anabaptists

Question 26

Church of England; created by Henry VIII

Answer 26

Anglican Church

Question 27

cancellation of marriage; as if the marriage never took place; used by Catholic Church, where divorces are against Church doctrine

Answer 27

annulment

Question 28

established Presbyterian Church in Scotland modeled on Calvin’s Reformed Church

Answer 28

John Knox

Question 29

Catholic response to Protestant Reformation; addressed numerous abuses within Church while reaffirming much Catholic doctrine

Answer 29

Council of Trent

Question 30

female Catholic order of Counter-Reformation; focused on educating women

Answer 30

Ursuline Order of Nuns

Question 31

male Catholic order of Counter-Reformation; spread faith to Americas and Asia, established Catholic schools

Answer 31

Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Question 32

founder of Jesuits

Answer 32

Ignatius Loyola

Question 33

list of readings the Catholic Church deemed heretical and against the faith

Answer 33

Index of Prohibited Books