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PR - Psychology/Sociology > 3.3-3.4 Nervous system > Flashcards

3.3-3.4 Nervous system Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

PNS

A

sensory function of nervous system; receives info

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2
Q

CNS

A

the integrative (processing) of information

consists of spinal cord and brain

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3
Q

motor/motor neurons

A

acting on information; motor neurons carry information from CNS to organ that can act, known as effectors

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4
Q

types of effectors

A

muscles and glands

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5
Q

efferent vs afferent

A

efferent neurons -> go AWAY from CNS

sensory neurons -> afferent, carry to CNS

eff-ing leave to the effectors; efferent goes to effectors
aff -> attract sensory info; requires thinking affterwards

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6
Q

monosynaptic reflex arc

A

a quadricep muscle contracts when the patellar tendon is stretched (involves two neurons and 1 synapse)

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7
Q

inhibitory interneuron

A

a short neuron which forms an inhibitory synapse with a motor neuron (ex. in the hamstring muscle); the concurrent relaxation of hamstring and contraction of quadriceps is an example of reciprocal inhibition

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8
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

concurrent relaxation of the hamstring and contraction of the quadriceps

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9
Q

somatic vs autonomic

A

somatic = voluntary (skeletal muscles)

autonomic = “automatic” (digestions, metabolism, circulation, perspiration, etc)

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10
Q

autonomic divides into two halves

A

sympathetic/parasympathetic

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11
Q

sympathetic versus parasympathetic

A

(memorize the table)

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12
Q

what are neuronal cell bodies called outside of the CNS?

A

ganglia, which are bunches of somas located OUTSIDE the CNS

“the gangs are outside roaming the streets”

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13
Q

where are most neuronal cell bodies found?

A

majority are found in the CNS, sometimes bunched in structures called nuclei

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14
Q

3 main parts of the brain

A

hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
midbrain (mesencephalon)
forebrain (prosencephalon)

HMF

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15
Q

CSF

A

a clear liquid that 1. absorbs shocks/protects spinal cord, 2. exchange nutrients and waste

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16
Q

spinal cord

A

simple spinal reflexes, primitive processes like walking, urination, and sex organ function

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17
Q

hindbrain

A

medulla, pons, cerebellum (“little brain”)

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18
Q

medulla (oblongata)

A

located below the pons, connects to spinal cord (“obligated to spinal cord”).

  • autonomic functions (bp/digestion/vomiting)
  • respiratory function (“obligated to breath and digest and vomit”)
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19
Q

pons

A

below the midbrain

  • some autonomic functions
  • coordinates movements
  • balance/antigravity

“ponsford teaches balance to astronauts”

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20
Q

cerebellum

A

“little brain”

  • complex movements
  • instructions for movement from forebrain are sent to cerebellum
  • hand-eye coordination and balance
  • receives input from the vestibular apparatus
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21
Q

midbrain

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A
  • visual/audio information
  • Reticular activating system (RAS) -> wakefulness, arousal

“mid-night wakefulness, listening to music and watching videos”

22
Q

brainstem

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A

medulla + pons + midbrain

23
Q

forebrain

Study These Flashcards
A

diencephalon, telencephalon

24
Q

diencephalon

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A

thalamus + hypothalamus

25
thalamus
relay-processing for sensory information
26
hypothalamus
- emotions - autonomic functions - hormone production and release - link between nervous and endocrine systems - controls the pituitary
27
telencephalon
- divided into two symmetrical sides - left-side is dominant, speech - right-side is concerned with visual-spatial reasoning and music
28
corpus callosum
bundle of axons connecting the two sides of telencephalon
29
cerebrum
made of two cerebral hemispheres - grey outer cortex (trillions of somas) - white inner core connected to diencephalon (composed of myelinated axons) - the cerebral hemispheres process somatic sensory information and motor information
30
4 lobes of cerebral cortex
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital DRAW
31
frontal lobes
voluntary movement | - complex reasoning and problem-solving
32
parietal lobes
sensation (touch, temperature, pressure, vibration) and gustation "parents teach sensations and taste"
33
temporal lobes
auditory and olfactory - short-term memory, language comprehension, emotion "temporary sounds and smells"
34
occipital lobes
visual sensation "watching occi-clean commericals"
35
basal nuclei
aka basil ganglia = movement - voluntary motor control and habits - works with cerebellum to coordinate movement initiated by the primary motor cortex - basil nuclei are inhibitory, cerebellum is excitatory
36
limbic
- between cerebrum and diencephalon - substructures include: amygdala, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus - emotion/memory/learning
37
Page 55 table
MEMORIZE TABLE
38
homunculus
little man
39
neurons entering/exiting the CNS
carried by 12 pairs of cranial nerves 31 pairs spinal nerves Cranial nerves -> sensory and motor information to and from the brainstem Spinal nerves -> to and from spinal cord
40
vagus nerve
the 10th cranial nerve - decreases heart and increases GI tract - parasympathetic - axons synapse at ganglia on the heart, stomach, and other visceral organ - nerves are preganglionic and located in CNS - they synapse with postganglionic neruons
41
somatic PNS anatomy
- innervate skeletal muscles - ACh is NT - cell bodies live in brain stem or ventral portion of spinal cord
42
dorsal root ganglion
located just outside the CNS, a bunch of somatic (and autonomic) sensory neuron cell bodies (contains the cell bodies of afferent neurons) - protected by vertebral column, but outside the meninges, thus out of the CNS - sometimes synapse on the cord, sometimes stretches to the brain stem
43
parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release...
acetylcholine | acetylcholine = parasympathetic system
44
sympathetic postganglionic neurons release...
norepinephrine | norepinephrine stimulates
45
where are the preganglionic efferent neurons of the sympathetic system?
all sympathetic preganglionic efferent neurons have cell bodies in the thoracic or lumbar regions of spinal cord - the sympathetic system = "thoracic-lumbar system"
46
what is the parasympathetic system also known as?
the craniosacral system. all the preganglionic neurons have cell bodies in the brainstem or or sacral portion
47
Illustration autonomic nervous system (p. 58)
DRAW
48
where is the first synapse of the somatic afferent neuron?
in the CNS
49
"short reflex"
autonomic afferent neurons can synapse in the PNS (at the autonomic ganglia) with autonomic efferent neurons
50
Table of sympathetic versus parasympathetic (p. 59)
DRAW
51
adrenal cortex
secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid (aldosterone), and sex hormones
52
adrenal medulla
- sympathetic nervous system - embryologically derived from sympathetic postganglionic neurons - innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons - releases epinephrine

PR - Psychology/Sociology (16 decks)

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