6.3 Psychological disorders Flashcards
(40 cards)
social phobia
fear of feeling embarrassed or humiliated while in front of others (eating in public, using a public restroom
symptoms: AVOIDANCE
OCD
obsessions or compulsions (or both)
obsession = intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts or impulses that cause distress or anxiety (e.g. fear of germs, fear of having harmed somebody)
compulsion = repeated physical or mental behaviors performed in response to an obsession, in order to reduce the distress or prevent something bad from happening. if not performed, the person feels intense ANXIETY and conviction something bad will happen
PTSD
feeling of intense fear, horror, or helplessness when confronting an extremely TRAUMATIC EVENT that involved death or threatened DEATH to self or others. more than 1/2 of people experience trauma, but only a small subset develop PTSD. more common in women than men, more common in males who served in army and Latino men’
the traumatic event is “RELIVED” in dreams and flashbacks – multisensory (sounds, smells) – with physiological symptoms (HR, BP),
avoids reminders of the event, avoids people
chronic HYPERVIGILANCE -> increased startle response, insomnia, anger, poor concentration
symptoms at least 1 month
acute stress disorder
like PTSD, less than 1 month, as little as three days
adjustment disorder
stressor NOT trauma
symptoms last less than six month after the stressor is eliminated
increased likelihood in low SES
somatic symptom disorderS (separate from anxiety disorders)
physical (somatic) symptoms without rooted pathophysiology
not improved with medical treatment
HYPOCONDRIASIS -> lacks precision
treated with skepticism, divided into four types:
- somatic symptoms disorder
- illness anxiety disorder
- conversion disorder
- factitious disorder
factitious disorder
aka Munchhausen Syndrome
falsification of evidence of illness, inflicting harm in order to receive attention, requires evidence that the behavior does not always have benefits. inflicts pain on others = factitious disorder imposed on another
Conversion disorder
change in sensory or motor function with no discernible physical cause
CONVERSION = anxiety -> tremor, weakness, seizures, difficulty eating or talking
somatic symptom disorder
chief complaint is 1+ somatic symptoms (chronic pain, headaches, fatigue) with evidence of diminished functioning stemming from excessive preoccupation with and/or anxiety about symptoms
illness anxiety disorder
somebody who overly anxious about their health, heath-related behaviors, seeks treatment
predominantly psychological
NO SYMPTOMS!
Bipolar and related disorders (DRAW TABLE - p. 207)
manic | hypomanic | MDE | dysthymic syndrome
manic episode
1 week
- abnormally euphoric, unrestrained, irritable
- goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation
- severe enough to require hospitalization, psychotic features
- may be caused by ADs, ECT, light
bipolar I disorder
experienced 1 manic or mixed episode
spontaneous manic episode (not triggered by AD treatment or caused by another medical condition)
may include a swing to depressive episode, partial or moderate depression, or (not often) no depression at all
Mixed = depression + manic every day for a week (severe enough to cause hospitalization, impair work)
bipolar II disorder
less extreme mania episodes
1 depressive episode + 1 hypomanic episode, but does NOT meet criteria for manic or mixed episode
hypomania - at least 4 days of elevated or irritable mood, 3 symptoms of manic episode (but LESS SEVERE)
no psychosis or hospitalization
MDE
felt bad than usual for most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two week
at least 5 of the following: depressed mood, decreased interest in activities, significant increase or decrease in weight/appetite, excessive or insufficient sleep, agitated or slowed psychomotor activity, fatigue, loss of energy, feelings of low self-worth, excessive guilt, impair concentration, thoughts of death or suicide
cyclothymic disorder
similar to bipolar disorder
not meeting criteria for manic or major depressive episode
cyclic moods, multiple hypomanic episodes, episodes of depressed mood MILDER than MDE
for two years
depressive disorders (3 types)
MDD - 1 or more MDEs. 10% attempt suicide, many more contemplate, does not count if 2 month of bereavement, which is normal. “with seasonal pattern”
PDD (dysthymia) - persistent depressive disorder; a chronic form of depression, milder symptoms of MDD most days for at least 2 years; feeling never absent for more than 2 months (a “depressed” person)
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD) - only in women; worst a week before the onset of menses, and improve or disappear in the week after menstruation; feeling keyed up or on edge, food cravings, overwhelmed feelings, physical symptoms -> muscle pain, swelling of breasts, bloating
schizophrenia spectrum + negative symptoms
splitting off from reality, NOT SPLIT IN IDENTITY
- delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, disorganized speech, disorganized motor control, and/or one or more NEGATIVE symptoms: decreased emotional expression (flat affect), avolition (lack of motivation), alogia (decreased speech)
delusion
false belief not due to culture
not relinquished despite evidence of its falsehood
e.g. belief one is a movie star
for delusional disorder - one or more delusions present for 1 month, counter-evidence is denied. erotomania (belief somebody is in love with you), grandiosity (belief one has a special talent), persecution (belief you are being followed, drugged, harassed)
positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior
brief psychotic disorder
a positive symptoms that last at least 1 day but less than 1 month, NO NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS, full remission within 1 month of onset
hallucination versus illusion
illusion - misperception of actual sensory data
schizophreniform disorder
middle position
1 positive symptom
1+ negative symptoms
1-6 months
schizophrenia
positive and negative symptoms for longer than 6 months
great impairment of work, relationships, and self-care
no complete remission without medication
subside to prodromal level (just below diagnostic threshold)
