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601 EXAM 2 > 3.3 Muscle 1 > Flashcards

3.3 Muscle 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 developmental origins for skeletal muscle tissue?

A
  • mesoderm
  • myoblasts
  • myotubes
  • muscle fibers
  • myofibrils
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2
Q

A _______ is an undifferentiated cell that can fuse into fibers and turn into a muscle cell

A

myoblast

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3
Q

muscle fiber

A

single muscle cell

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of muscle tissue

A

striated, smooth

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5
Q

where are 3 the types of striated muscle?

A
  • skeletal (arm, back etc)
  • visceral (tongue)
  • cardiac (heart)
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6
Q

_____ is cytoplasm in muscle cells

A

sarcoplasm

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7
Q

_____ is the ER in muscle cells

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

_____ is like the plasma membrane in a muscle cell

A

sarcolemma

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9
Q

what is the smallest contractile unit in the muscle cell? (Z to Z)

A

sarcomere

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10
Q

what are characteristics of skeletal muscle? (shape, nucleus, striations?)

A
  • long, cylindrical individual cells
  • multinucleated (nuclei at periphery)
  • cross-striations
  • voluntary (strong/quick/forceful contractions)
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11
Q

what are the Visceral striated muscles involved in?

A

speech, breathing, swallowing

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12
Q

where can you find visceral striated muscles? and what are they similar to morphologically?

A
  • tongue, pharynx, lumbar diaphragm, upper esophagus
  • ID to skeletal muscle
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13
Q

what are some characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A
  • short/branched individual cells
  • single nucleated cells that are centrally located
  • cross-striations
  • involuntary movements
  • strong jxns
  • intercalated disks
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14
Q

smooth muscle characteristics

A
  • short/tapered cells
  • single nucleated cells with GAP jxn connections
    -NON striated
    -involuntary weak/slow contractions by ions traveling through gaps
  • gut has 2-3 layers
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15
Q

The ___ band is dark and wide. it has all the myosin

A

A

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16
Q

The __ Band is light bc its made of actin

A

I

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17
Q

The ___ line is the dark line that dissects the I band. It is the connection/anchor of the actin

A

Z

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18
Q

myosin heads move along _______

A

actin filaments

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19
Q

actin _____ stain dark with H&E

A

doesnt

20
Q

what is the organization of muscle tissue from out–>in

A

-Epimysium: dense irregular connective tissue
-Perimysium: fasicles, delicate CT
-Endomysium: reticular fibers and basal lamina

21
Q

how do muscle cells store energy? (2)

A
  • energy rich Pi compounds (ATP, phosphocreatine)
  • glycogen depots
22
Q

the nerve is inside the basal lamina and determines the _____

A

fiber phenotype

23
Q

the _______ controls the muscle fiber type

A

innervation

24
Q

organization of skeletal muscle (smallest to largest)

A

myofilaments, myofibril, muscle fiber, muscle fascicles, muscle

25
Q

_______ are the three protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells (actin/myosin)

A

myofilaments

26
Q

_____ is a cytoskeletal contractile unit that is surrounded by sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

myofibril

27
Q

a ______ is a muscle cell that is surrounded by sarcolemma and endomysium

A

muscle fiber

28
Q

a _____ is surrounded by epimysium ( dense connective tissue )

A

muscle

29
Q

_____ are the section of muscle surrounded by Perimysium

A

muscle fasicles

30
Q

the _____ stores calcium

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

31
Q

There are mitochondria and extensive Sarcoplasmic reticula in the ______

A

sarcolemma

32
Q

myosin is ______, actin is ______, and ____ is the line that separates.

A

dark, light, Z

33
Q

_______ is the myosin type responsible for producing muscle contraction in muscle cells in most animal cell types

A

2

34
Q

______ is the line at the center of a sarcomere to which myosin bind

A

M line

35
Q

does actin go away during a contraction?

A

NO, myosin heads walk down the actin and the actin just slides. it doesnt go away

36
Q

____ is the zone of the thick filaments that has no actin

A

H

37
Q

The __ band is the area in the center of the sarcomere where thick and thin filaments overlap.

A

A

38
Q

there are __ heads on every myosin tail

A

2

39
Q

All actin monomers are the same but they can be different as______

A

actin associated proteins

40
Q

Ca+ causes the movement of ______ so that myosin heads can bind to ______

A

tropomyosin, myosin binding site

41
Q

______ from the nerve causes the Ca+ to be released

A

Action potential

42
Q

_____ can help the muscle regenerate

A

satellite cells

43
Q

What is in thin filaments?

A
  • globular G-actin
  • tropomyosin
  • troponin
44
Q

tropomyosin

A
  • in f actin groove.
  • covers 7 g-actin
45
Q

troponin

A

3 types:
- TnT: tropomyosin attachment
- TNC- CaBP
- TnI: inhibitory to actin-myosin

46
Q

contractile cycle

A

-myosin head binds to myosin binding site on tropomyosin
- ATP hydrolyzes to ADP+P as cross cycle happens and it pulls the actin

601 EXAM 2 (11 decks)

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