3.3 Nutrition and Energy Systems

Question 1

annotate the diagram of the animal cell

Answer 1

look at bio notes

Question 2

annotate the diagram of the mitochondria

Answer 2

look at bio notes

Question 3

cell respiration

Answer 3

controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic molecules

Question 4

explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule

Answer 4

ATP can be synthesized by adding a phosphate group to ADP by phosphorylation

Question 5

explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction

Answer 5

the breakdown of ATP——> ADP releasing a phosphate provides energy for muscle contraction

Question 6

creatine phosphate system ANAEROBIC

Answer 6

• CP is a high energy molecule broken down to provide a phosphate for the re-synthesis of ATP, short lived
• first 20 secs of all-out exercise
• examples: high jump, power lifting, sprinting
• ATP is very limited but produced very fast

Question 7

lactic acid system ANAEROBIC

Answer 7

• 2 molecules of ATP
• quick process: optimal to meet high energy demands of hard exercise when cp system begins to fade
  *lactic acid accumulates in muscle and reduces muscle pH which reduces the ability of muscle contraction
• small amount of ATP produced but very fast
  -ex) 100m swim and 400m run

Question 8

aerobic system - GLUCOSE

Answer 8

glycolysis—-> krebs cycle—–> electron transport chain
- pyruvate made in glycolysis is processed by the krebs cycle which liberates elections that are passed through the etc producing energy
- large amount of ATP produced but very slowly
- ex) cycling, cross country

Question 9

aerobic system - FATTY ACIDS

Answer 9

• fatty acids enter the mitochondrial matrix
• beta oxidation removes 2 carbons and produces acetyl COA
• fatty acids are never used in anaerobic respiration
• large amounts of ATP produced but very slowly
• ex) cycling, cross country

Question 10

oxygen deficit

Answer 10

• oxygen need is greater than oxygen supply
• during recovery oxygen utilization continues at a high rate (breathing heavy at rest)
• offset the consequences of anaerobic metabolism

Question 11

steps of oxygen deficit

Answer 11

1. restoration of tissue and myoglobin stores
2. restoration of cp stores
3. removal of lactic acid
4. tissue repair

Question 12

memorize table in notes!