5.2 information processing

Question 1

information processing

Answer 1

is the system by which we take information from our surrounding environment, use it to make a decision and then produce a response: input —> decision making —> output

Question 2

input

Answer 2

refers to the environment

Question 3

output

Answer 3

what the performer did (response)

Question 4

CNS

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

welford’s model

Answer 5

just know it

Question 6

sensation

Answer 6

organ of the body that responds to external stimuli by conveying impulses to the sensory nervous system

Question 7

perception

Answer 7

judgement resulting from awareness (see, hear, smell, feel)

Question 8

stm (short term memory)

Answer 8

small amount of info in mind

Question 9

ltm (long term memory)

Answer 9

large amount of info in mind

Question 10

decision-making

Answer 10

cognitive process in selection of action

Question 11

effector control

Answer 11

nerve signals to muscles

Question 12

output

Answer 12

response

Question 13

components associated with sensory input (exteroceptors)

Answer 13

• provide info from outside the body
• vision and auditory
• receptor in skin for touch, pressure, pain, temp

Question 14

interceptors

Answer 14

“how your body feels”
- provide info some inside the body
- vestibular apparatus-balance
- chemical change

Question 15

proprioceptors

Answer 15

“where your body is in space”
- joint receptors
- muscle spindles
- golgi tendon
(inform brain on movement)

Question 16

signal-detection process: signal/stimulus:

Answer 16

perceiving an important piece of info from environment and/or from within. stands out from background noise

Question 17

signal-detection process: noise

Answer 17

background, non-essential info
- ex) spectators cheering

Question 18

identification of stimulus occurs

Answer 18

D: detection: process of registering of the stimulus by sense organs
C: comparison: process of referring the stimulus to memory, to compare it to previously stored stimuli
R: recognition: process of finding a corresponding a stimulus in the memory

Question 19

distinguish between characteristics of short term sensory store, short-term memory and long-term memory (STSS- short term sensory store)

Answer 19

• capacity: unlimited
• duration: less than a sec
• uses 5 senses

Question 20

STM (short-term memory)

Answer 20

• capacity: limited 5-9 items
• duration: 10-12 secs
• important in learning motor skills

Question 21

LTM (long-term memory)

Answer 21

• capacity: unlimited
• duration: indefinite
• difficult to recall, used to compare against new experiences

Question 22

discuss the relationship between selective attention and memory

Answer 22

• selective attention only operates in short term sensory store
• only relevant info passed to short term memory
• ensures info overload does not occur, prevents confusion
• important when accuracy or fast responses are required

Question 23

rehearsal

Answer 23

required to get info into long term memory and to increase the chances of being able to recall that info

Question 24

coding

Answer 24

info associated with images can be recalled better with the associations

Question 25

brevity

Answer 25

it is easier to remember short and specific details rather than long and vague info

Question 26

clarity

Answer 26

if the info is clear and understood it will be easier to remember

Question 27

chunking

Answer 27

to some degree we do this automatically chunking several pieces of info into one meaningful chunk, which takes up less space in short term memory

Question 28

organization

Answer 28

is the information is in a clear and logical format, it makes it easier to recall

Question 29

association

Answer 29

semantic understanding increases recall

Question 30

practice

Answer 30

repetition of skill, needed to get info to long term memory

Question 31

response time

Answer 31

time from initiation of movement to the completion of that movement - response time is the ABILITY, having individual and group variances

Question 32

reaction time

Answer 32

time between the onset of a signal to respond and initiation of that

Question 33

factors that affect response time (gender)

Answer 33

- males have quicker reaction time but deteriorates quicker - females have slower reaction times, but deteriorates slower

Question 34

age

Answer 34

- reaction time gets quicker up to an optimum age then deteriorates

Question 35

number of choices

Answer 35

- simple reaction time: no choices - choice reaction time: multiple choices (slowest reaction)

Question 36

fitness training

Answer 36

increases movement time

Question 37

temperature

Answer 37

increase in temp means increase in reaction time

Question 38

state of alertness

Answer 38

reaction time increases as alertness does

Question 39

Hick's law

Answer 39

more choices= longer to react

Question 40

evaluate the concept of the psychological refractory period

Answer 40

- when two stimuli are presented close together, the reaction time to the second stimuli is slower than normal - deception in sport: fake, juke - welford claimed that processing of stimuli 2 could not take place until processing stimuli 1 had been completed