Chapter 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape.

A

Capsid

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2
Q

A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.

A

Viral Envelopes

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3
Q

A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage.

A

Bacteriophages

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4
Q

The limited range of host cells that each type of virus can infect.

A

Host Range

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5
Q

A phage that reproduces only by a lytic cycle.

A

Virulent Phage

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6
Q

An endonuclease (type of enzyme) that recognizes and cute DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium (such as phage genomes). The ______ cuts at specific nucleotide sequences (_____ sites).

A

Restriction Enzymes

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7
Q

A type of phage reproductive cycle resulting in the release of new phages by lysis (and death) of the host cell.

A

Lytic Cycle

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8
Q

A phage that is capable of reproducing by either a lytic or lysogenic cycle.

A

Temperate Phage

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9
Q

A type of phage reproductive cycle in which the viral genome becomes incorporated into the bacterial host chromosome as a prophage and does not kill the host.

A

Lysogenic Cycle

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10
Q

A phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on a bacterial chromosome.

A

Prophage

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11
Q

An RNA virus that reproduces by transcribing its RNA into DNA and then inserting the DNA into a cellular chromosome; an important class of cancer-causing viruses.

A

Retroviruses

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12
Q

An enzyme encoded by certain viruses (retroviruses) that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.

A

Reverse Transcriptase

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13
Q

The infectious agent that causes AIDS. ___ is a retrovirus.

A

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

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14
Q

The symptoms and signs present during the late stages of HIV infection, defined by a specified reduction in the number of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections.

A

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

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15
Q

A general outbreak of a disease.

A

Epidemics

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16
Q

A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host’s immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen.

A

Vaccine

17
Q

A global epidemic.

A

Pandemic

18
Q

A plant pathogen consisting of a molecule of naked, circular RNA a few hundred nucleotides long.

A

Viroids

19
Q

An infectious agent that is a misfiled version of a normal cellular protein. _____ appear to increase in number by converting correctly folded versions of the protein to more ______.

A

Prions