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Opt 122: Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology II > Respiratory System- Taylor > Flashcards

Respiratory System- Taylor Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three levels of the nasal cavity?

A

Vestibule
Respiratory area
Olfactory area

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1
Q

What covers the internal nose cavities and septum?

A

Lamina propria

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2
Q

What type of skin is found in the vestibule?

A

Hairy skin

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

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3
Q

What does the respiratory cavity do?

A

Conditions the inflow of air

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4
Q

What type if epi lines the respiratory cavity?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epi

Respiratory mucosa

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5
Q

What are the 5 cell types in the respiratory mucosa?

A 
Basal cells
Small granule cells
Ciliated columnar cells
Goblet cells 
Brush cells
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6
Q

This RM cell is like a stem cell that gives rise to others.

A

Basal cells

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7
Q

These RM cells have secretory granules that help out with the diffuse neuroendocrine system.

A

Small granule cells

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8
Q

These RM cells beat and move mucus towards the nasopharnyx.

A

Ciliated columnar cells

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9
Q

These RM cells synthesize and secrete mucus.

A

Goblet cells

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10
Q

These RM cells are columnar with microvilli basally in contact with afferent nerve endings (sensory receptors).

A

Brush cells

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11
Q

Places RM is found

A 
Para nasal sinuses
Nasopharnyx
Auditory tube
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
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12
Q

Where is lamina propria of RM located?

A

Between epithelium and periosteum of nasal bone

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13
Q

What is the olfactory cavity lined with?

A

Olfactory epi: pseudostratified columnar epi

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14
Q

What are the four cell types in the olfactory epithelium?

A

Olfactory cells
Supporting cells
Basal stem cells
Brush cells

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15
Q

What type of neurons are olfactory cells?

A

Bipolar

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16
Q

How do supporting cells help olfactory cells?

A

They create junction all complexes with them

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17
Q

Which olfactory cell contains lipofuscin?

A

Supporting cells

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18
Q

Where are basal stem cells of olfactory epi located?

A

Between lamina propria and epithelium

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19
Q

What do the brush cells of the olfaction epi do?

A

Have microvilli and send tactile signals, not odor ones

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20
Q

What do the olfactory glands do?

A

This multicellular gland provides fluid around the receptor cilia.

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21
Q

What are paranasal spaces?

A

Bones spaces that surround and connect to the nasal cavities

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22
Q

The para nasal sinuses are:

A

Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal

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23
Q

How is the sinus mucosa different from the RM?

A

Fewer goblet cells

Thinner

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24
Q

What is the lamina propria at the roof of the nasopharnyx?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

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25
Q

What is the organ of phonation?

A

The larynx

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26
Q

Where is stratified squamous epi found in the larynx?

A

Epiglottis

Vocal cords

27
Q

What is the mucociliary ellevator?

A

The cilia mechanism of the trachea that removes small particles from lungs and airways.

28
Q

What types of glands are in the lamina propria of the trachea?

A

Multicellular seromucous glands

29
Q

What provides structure for the windpipe?

A

C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

30
Q

What spans the open parts of the C-shaped rings?

A

Fibroelastic ligament

Trachealis muscle

31
Q

What does the visceral pleura become continuous with?

A

Mediastinal pleura at the lung root of the hills

32
Q

What are the different portions of the parietal pleura?

A 
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Pleura cupula
Pleura recesses
33
Q

What is the costal parietal connected to?

A

Inner side of ribs

Sternum

34
Q

What does the mediastinal parietal pleura cover?

A

Lateral aspect of mediastinum

35
Q

What does the mediastinal portion form at the hilum?

A

Pleural sleeve

Pulmonary ligament

36
Q

Which parietal pleura protrudes over ribs 1 and covers lung apex?

A

Pleura cupula or cervical

37
Q

Where one part of parietal pleura comes in contact with another

A

Pleura recesses

38
Q

What type epi is in the parietal pleura?

A

Simple squamous epi

Mesothelium - secretes mucous

39
Q

Structures of the hilum are surrounded by …

A

… Pleural sleeve

40
Q

Structures of the hilum:

A 
Main bronchus
One pulmonary artery per root
2 pulmonary veins per root
Lymphatic vessels and nodes
Nerves
41
Q

Right lung

A 
2 fissures (horizontal and oblique)
Three lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
Contains more air than left
42
Q

Left lung

A

1 fissure (oblique)
2 lobes (superior and inferior)
Cardiac notch
Lingula (wraps around heart)

43
Q

Which way do the main bronchi pass?

A

Inferolaterally towards hilum

44
Q

How does the bronchus maintain flexability?

A

Elastic fibers in the lamina propria

45
Q

Structure within bronchus:

A

Hyaline cartilage plates

46
Q

What is the first branch of the primary bronchi?

A

Lobar bronchi

47
Q

Right lung lobar branches

A

Upper
Intermediate
Middle
Inferior

48
Q

Left lung lobar branches

A

Upper

Lower

49
Q

What are the tertiary bronchi and how many are there?

A

Segmental bronchi

10 per lung

50
Q

Where do the tertiary branches lead to?

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

51
Q

What provides the mucous layer that moves upwards due to mucociliary elevator?

A

Goblet cells

52
Q

What do the smallest divide into?

A

Terminal bronchioles

53
Q

What do the terminal bronchioles divide into?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

54
Q

Bronchioles DO NOT have:

A

Cartilage

Multicellular glands

55
Q

What do respiratory bronchioles branch into?

A

Alveolar ducts

56
Q

What arises from alveolar ducts?

A

Alveolar sacs

57
Q

What makes up the alveolar walls?

A

Type I alveolar cells
Type II alveolar cells
Brush cells

58
Q

Which type of alveolar cells are tightly joined together?

A

Type I

59
Q

Which type of alveolar cells secrete surfactant?

A

Type II

60
Q

What does the pulmonary circulation do?

A

Oxygenate the blood

61
Q

Pulmonary arterial trunk blood flow pathway:

A

Unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle -> trunk divides to right and left pulm arteries -> left and right roots -> lobar branch -> segmental branches -> alveoli -> pulm capillaries

62
Q

Pulmonary venule trunk blood flow pathway:

A

Venules carry newly oxygenated blood from pulm capillaries to pulm veins -> segmental veins -> two pulm veins per lung

63
Q

What does the bronchial circulation do?

A

Supplies oxygen to the visceral pleura, supporting tissue of the lung, and walls of the bronchi

64
Q

Bronchial circulation arteries

A

2 left bronchial arteries arise from aorta and right one comes from posterior intercostal artery

65
Q

Bronchial circulation veins:

A

Drain to venous azygous system (post. wall of thorax)

66
Q

Lymph pathway in lungs:

A

Lymphatic vessels filtered by lung lymph nodes -> hilar nodes -> nodes at tracheal bifurcation -> nodes along side of trachea -> left and right bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunk -> right lymphatic duct

Opt 122: Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology II (16 decks)

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