3.4 Network hardware Flashcards
What is the network interface card
a hardware component (circuit board or chip) that is required to allow a device to connect to a network such as the internet
What is a MAC adress
format of it
a unique identifier which acts as a network address for a device
it takes the form NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD, where NN is the manufacturer code and DD is the device code.
All digits are hexadecimals.
What happens to MAC address if NIC is changed
MAC address is also changed
What are the 2 types of mac addresses
UAA - Universally Administered MAC address
LAA - Locally Administered MAC address
Explain UAA
Most common type of MAC address that is set by the manufacturer at the factory.
Rare that users would change this
but if they do change it then they have to make sure its unique.
Why may the MAC address have to be changed using LAA
Format - certain software on mainframes require all the devices’ MAC address to be in a particular format. Change the MAC addresses of those devices that don’t follow the format.
Bypass a MAC address filter on a router or a firewall
Get past certain types of network restrictions - EMULATE UNRESTRICTED MAC ADDRESSES
What is a private IP address
What is a public IP address
what public and private ip addresses do devices have?
A private IP address is unique to a device on a certain network
A public IP address is completely unique to a device. Routers are given the public IP address by the ISP when they connect to the internet. All devices connected to same router have same public ip addresses but diff private ip addresses.
What are the 2 formats of IP addresses and the difference
IPv4 - 32 bits - 4 groups of 8 bits
IPv6 - 128-bit addresses - take the form of eight groups of hex digits
Why IPv6 is better than IPv4
» removes the risk of IP address collisions
» has built-in authentication checks
» allows for more efficient packet routes.
Differences between IP address and MAC address
MAC - identifies the physical address of a device on the network use 48 bits can be UAA or LAA unique for device on the network
IP -
identifies the global address on the internet
use either 32 bits (IPv4) or 128 bits (IPv6)
can be static or dynamic
may not necessarily be unique
What are the 2 types of IP addressess
Static - remain constant
Dynamic - change every time a device connects to the internet
What is a static IP address
what are they usually assigned to
Static IP addresses are permanently assigned to a device by the internet service provider (ISP)
Remote servers hosting websites
Online database
FTP server
Dynamic IP address vs Static
Dynamic -
Greater privacy since IP is changed every time
Static
since static IP addresses don’t change, they allow each device to be fully traceable
allow for faster upload and download speeds
more expensive to maintain since the device must be constantly running so that information is always available
What is a router
Enables data packets to be routed between different networks
Functions of router
A router sends data to a specific destination on a network
A router can assign IP addresses
- A router can connect a local network to the internet
When is a MAC address given
to what component
A network interface card is given a MAC address at the point of manufacture
