What is the network interface card
a hardware component (circuit board or chip) that is required to allow a device to connect to a network such as the internet
Diff between WNIC and NIC
they use wireless connectivity utilising an antenna to communicate with networks via microwaves
What is a MAC adress
format of it
a unique identifier which acts as a network address for a device
it takes the form NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD, where NN is the manufacturer code and DD is the device code.
All digits are hexadecimals.
What happens to MAC address if NIC is changed
MAC address is also changed
What are the 2 types of mac addresses
UAA - Universally Administered MAC address
LAA - Locally Administered MAC address
Explain UAA
Most common type of MAC address that is set by the manufacturer at the factory.
Rare that users would change this
but if they do change it then they have to make sure its unique.
Why may the MAC address have to be changed using LAA
Format - certain software on mainframes require all the devices’ MAC address to be in a particular format. Change the MAC addresses of those devices that don’t follow the format.
Bypass a MAC address filter on a router or a firewall
Get past certain types of network restrictions - EMULATE UNRESTRICTED MAC ADDRESSES
What is a private IP address
What is a public IP address
A private IP address is unique to a device on a certain network
A public IP address is completely unique to a device. Routers are given the public IP address by the ISP when they connect to the internet. All devices connected to same router have same public ip addresses but diff private ip addresses.
What are the 2 formats of IP addresses and the difference
IPv4 - 32 bits - 4 groups of 8 bits
IPv6 - 128-bit addresses - take the form of eight groups of hex digits
Why IPv6 is better than IPv4
» removes the risk of IP address collisions
» has built-in authentication checks
» allows for more efficient packet routes.
Differences between IP address and MAC address
MAC - identifies the physical address of a device on the network use 48 bits can be UAA or LAA unique for device on the network
IP -
identifies the global address on the internet
use either 32 bits (IPv4) or 128 bits (IPv6)
can be static or dynamic
may not necessarily be unique
What are the 2 types of IP addressess
Static - remain constant
Dynamic - change every time a device connects to the internet
What is a static IP address
what are they usually assigned to
Static IP addresses are permanently assigned to a device by the internet service provider (ISP)
Remote servers hosting websites
Online database
FTP server
What does an FTP server do
when does it
File Transfer Protocol - FTP servers are used when files need to be transferred to various computers throughout the network servers
What is a DHCP
A computer on the internet, configured as a DHCP server, is used by the ISP to automatically assign an IP address to a device
Dynamic IP address vs Static
Dynamic -
Greater privacy since IP is changed every time
Static
since static IP addresses don’t change, they allow each device to be fully traceable
allow for faster upload and download speeds more expensive to maintain since the
device must be constantly running so that information is always available
Sequence for getting a website in Dynamic
Device makes a request for IP address from DHCP
DHCP sends a temporary IP address to device
Device sends URL to Domain name server
DNS translates the required website URL into an IP address and sends it back to the device
Message sent from the device to the ip address of website server requesting the webpage
Required webpage is sent back to the device’s IP address
Sequence for getting a website in static
Device already has an IP address (static doesn’t change)
Sends the URL to Domain name server
DNS translates the required website URL into an IP address and sends it back to the device
Message sent from the device to the ip address of website server requesting the webpage
Required webpage is sent back to the device’s static IP address
What is a router
Enables data packets to be routed between different networks
Main function of router
transmit internet and transmission protocols between two networks and also allow private networks to be connected together
