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Flashcards in 6.2 robotics Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is robotics

A

Robotics is a branch of computer science that incorporates the design, construction and operation of robots

2
Q

What is a robot

A

mechanical device that can carry out tasks normally done by humans

3
Q

3 places robots can be found

A

factories
homes
drones

4
Q

Where can robots be found in factories

A

– welding parts together
– spray-painting panels on a car
– fitting windscreens to cars
– cutting out metal parts to a high precision
– bottling and labelling plants
– warehouses (automatic location of items)

5
Q

Where can robots be found in homes

A

– autonomous floor sweepers
– autonomous lawn mower
– ironing robots
– pool cleaning
– automatic window cleaners
– entertainment

6
Q

Define autonomous

A

able to operate independently without any human input

7
Q

Where can robots be found in drones

A

unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are drones that are either remotely controlled or totally autonomous using embedded systems

– can be used in reconnaissance (eg taking aerial photographs)

– can be used to make parcel deliveries

8
Q

Adv of robots in industry

A

robots are capable of working in conditions that may be hazardous
to humans

robots work 24/7 without the need to stop

robots are less expensive in the long run

more productive

more consistent

better suited to boring repetitive tasks

9
Q

Disadv of robots in industry

A

robots can lead to higher unemployment amongst manual labour tasks

Deskilling labour

Expensive to buy

Maintenance

10
Q

Adv of autonomous vehicles

A

Safer

Better for environment

Stress free parking - self parking

increased lane capacity due to better braking and acceleration responses together with optimized distance between vehicles

11
Q

Disadv of autonomous vehicles

A

Expensive to set up
Maintenance
cyber attacks
unemployment - less taxis needed

12
Q

Adv of autonomous trains

A

Improved punctuality

reduced costs

safety improves

minimises energy consumption

it is possible to increase the frequency of trains

it is easier to change train scheduling

13
Q

Disadv of autonomous trains

A

Cyber attacks

Expensive to set up initially

unemploment

14
Q

Adv of autonomous planes

A

improved passenger comfort

reduced running costs

improved safety - less human error

less fuel consumption because of the improved aerodynamics

15
Q

Disadv of autonomous planes

A

hacking

software glithces could lead to death

16
Q

5 areas in agriculture where robots can play a large role

A

»harvesting/picking of vegetables and fruit
»weed control
»phenotyping (plant growth and health)
»seed-planting and fertiliser distribution
»autonomous labour-saving devices.

17
Q

how can robots be used for harvesting

A

More accurate - only pick ripe fruit

pick fruit without damaging it

Higher yields and reduced waste

18
Q

How does a weed control robot stay on path

why is a drone used

A

GPS tracking

used first to do an aerial view of the vineyard, so that a programmed course of action can be produced, which is then sent to the weed control robot’s memory.

19
Q

What is phenotyping

A

the process of observing the physical characteristics of a plant to assess its health and growth

20
Q

how do robots phenotype

A

»robots designed to do phenotyping are equipped with sensors (including spectral sensors and thermal cameras) that can create a 3D image/model of the plant, thus allowing it to be monitored for health and growth

21
Q

What actions do microprocessors do in autonomous cars

A

»change gear
»apply the brakes
»turn the steering wheel.

22
Q

How are robots used for seed planting and fertilisier distribution

A

drones can produce an aerial image of a farm sending back a ‘bird’s eye view’ of the crops and land. they allow seed-planting to be done far more accurately

»they also allow for more efficient fertiliser-spreading to reduce waste and improve coverage

cloud seeding

23
Q

what are the autonomous agriculture devices

A

»grass mowers/cutters
»weeding, pruning and harvesting robots
»seeding robots
»fertiliser spraying

24
Q

How are robots used in medicine

A

»robots are used in surgical procedures, which makes the operation safer and also makes the procedures quicker and less costly

» robots can be used from monitoring patients to doing actual minor surgery

»robots can take blood samples from patients:
– less painful to patients since the robot is better at determining a ‘good vein’
– safer to doctors and nurses if the patient has an infectious disease
– doctors and nurses can be freed up to do more skilled work

25
Q

where are robots used in entertainment

A

theme parks are now using autonomous robots to entertain visitors to the park

music festivals are much more immersive for the audience

»humanoid robots can perform ‘stunt’ action in movies/ television

26
Q

3 characteristics of robot

A
  • a mechanical structure or framework

– electrical components, such as sensors, microprocessors and actuators

– programmable

27
Q

3 domestic robots

A

autonomous vacuum cleaners

autonomous grass cutters

personal assistants