What is an opcode
part of a machine code instruction that informs the CPU what operation needs to be done
What is an operand
part of a machine code instruction that identifies what data is to be used
What is an instruction set
the complete set of machine code instructions used by a particular microprocessor
What is an embedded system
A combination of hardware and software which is designed to carry out a specific set of instructions
Types of hardware in an embedded system
Electrical
Electro-mechanical
Electronic
What is a microcontroller
a chip which has a CPU along with some RAM, ROM, and other peripherals all embedded into one chip
What is a microprocessor
An integrated circuit which only has a CPU
The RAM, ROM and other peripherals are not included but can be added
What is an SoC (full form and function)
System on Chips - A single chip which contains a microcontroller as one of its components along with I/O ports and secondary storage
Full form of I/O (I/O port)
Input/output port
Adv of embedded systems
Small size - easy to fit into devices
Consume less power
Relatively low cost to make - compared to other systems
Can be controlled remotely
PS CC
Disadv of embedded systems
Can be difficult to upgrade to take adv of new tech
Since it can be accessed over the internet it can be hacked/get a virus
Very wasteful - since they’re difficult to upgrade
Only a specialist can troubleshoot errors in an embedded system
Examples of embedded systems
Motor vehicles Set-top boxes Security systems Lighting systems Washing machines Vending systems
Characteristics of embedded systems
Analogue or digital input (sensors or user input)
User interface
Some form of output (actuators)
Small in size therefore they are easy to fit into devices.
2 types of embedded systems
main difference
programmable
non-programmable
Main diff: Non-programmable devices need, in general, to be replaced if they require a software upgrade
2 methods to upgrade programmable embedded systems
> connecting the device to a computer and allowing the download of updates to the software
automatic updates via a Wi-Fi, satellite or cellular link
2 methods to upgrade programmable embedded systems
> connecting the device to a computer and allowing the download of updates to the software
automatic updates via a Wi-Fi, satellite or cellular link
