34. Posterior Leg and Ankle Joint

Question 1

How many muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 1

7

3 superficial
4 deep

Question 2

What is the common insertion of the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 2

Posterior surface of calcaneous via tendocalcaneous

Question 3

Origin of gastrocnemius?

Answer 3

Medial - popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle

Lateral - lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

Question 4

Innervation of gastrocnemius?

Answer 4

Tibial nerve S1, S2

Question 5

Action of gastrocnemius?

Answer 5

Plantarflex ankle

Flexes knee

Question 6

Origin of plantaris?

Answer 6

Lateral supracondylar line of femur

Question 7

Innervation of plantaris?

Answer 7

Tibial nerve S1, S2

Question 8

Action of plantaris?

Answer 8

Assists plantarflexion of ankle

Question 9

Origin of soleus?

Answer 9

Soleal line of tibia
Upper 1/3rd posterior fibula
Tendinous arch between bony attachments

Question 10

Innervation of soleus?

Answer 10

Tibial nerve S1, S2

Question 11

Action of soleus?

Answer 11

Plantarflexes ankle joint

Question 12

Origin of popliteus?

Answer 12

Lateral condyle of femur

Lateral meniscus

Question 13

Insertion of popliteus?

Answer 13

Popliteal area of tibia

Question 14

Innervation of popliteus?

Answer 14

Tibial nerve L4, L5, S1

Question 15

Action of popliteus?

Answer 15

Unlocks knee joint - laterally rotates the femur on a fixed tibia

Question 16

Origin of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 16

Posterior surface of tibia

Question 17

Insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 17

Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Question 18

Innervation of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 18

Tibial L5, S1, S2

Question 19

Action of flexor digitorum longus?

Answer 19

Flexes lateral 4 digits

Weak plantarflexor of ankle

Question 20

Origin of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 20

Posterior surface of fibula

Question 21

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 21

Base of distal phalanx of hallux

Question 22

Innervation of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 22

Tibial nerve L5, S1, S2

Question 23

Action of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 23

Flexes hallux

Weak plantarflexor of ankle

Question 24

Origin of tibialis posterior?

Answer 24

Posterior surface of tibia and fibula

Interosseous membrane

Question 25

Insertion of tibialis posterior?

Answer 25

Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tali of calcaneous, base of 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals

Question 26

Innervation of tibialis posterior?

Answer 26

Tibial nerve L4, L5

Question 27

Action of tibialis posterior?

Answer 27

Plantarflexes ankle | Inverts foot

Question 28

Describe the medial to lateral arrangement of tendons at the ankle joint

Answer 28

Tibialis posterior FDL FHL (Tom, Dick and Harry)

Question 29

Between which tendons are the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve found?

Answer 29

Between FDL and FHL

Question 30

What is the terminal branch of the popliteal artery?

Answer 30

Posterior tibial (fibular branch then medial and lateral plantar)

Question 31

Describe the course of the posterior tibial artery

Answer 31

Between heads of gastrocnemius Deep to soleus Surface of TP and FDL

Question 32

Describe the course of the fibular artery?

Answer 32

Medial to fibula | Usually within flexor hallucis longus

Question 33

What artery does the tibial nerve run with?

Answer 33

Posterior tibial

Question 34

What are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve?

Answer 34

Medial and lateral plantar

Question 35

Cutaneous innervation of medial side of posterior leg?

Answer 35

Saphenous (from femoral)

Question 36

Cutaneous innervation of lateral side of posterior leg?

Answer 36

Sural nerve

Question 37

What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 37

Syndesmosis

Question 38

What ligaments make up the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 38

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligament | Interosseous membrane

Question 39

Movements possible at the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 39

SLIGHT movement to accommodate wedging of trochlea of talus during dorsiflexion

Question 40

What does the malleolar mortise articulate with?

Answer 40

Trochlea of talus

Question 41

ROM of ankle joint?

Answer 41

Dorsiflexion 20-30 degrees Plantarflexion 30-50

Question 42

Function of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of ankle?

Answer 42

Strong ligaments - support the ankle joint medially and laterally

Question 43

What are the 3 bands of lateral collateral ligament of ankle?

Answer 43

Anterior talofibular Posterior talofibular Calcaneofibular

Question 44

What is the other name given to the medial collateral ligament?

Answer 44

Deltoid

Question 45

What are the 4 parts of the deltoid ligament?

Answer 45

Anterior tibiotalar Tibionavicular Tibiocalcaneal Posterior tibiotalar