43. The Brain

Question 1

Which arteries are found in the longitudinal fissue?

Answer 1

Anterior cerebral

Question 2

Which artery is found in the lateral fissue?

Answer 2

Middle cerebral

Question 3

Where are the pre-central and post-central gyri found in relation to the central sulcus?

Answer 3

Pre - anterior

Post - posterior

Question 4

How are Broca’s and Wernecke’s areas related to speech?

Answer 4

Broca - motor (i.e. making speech)

Wernecke’s - recognition

Question 5

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 5

White matter tract

Connects cerebral hemispheres

Question 6

Make sure you can label/ identify basal ganglia

Answer 6

Slide 8

Question 7

Actions of basal ganglia?

Answer 7

Regulate initiation and termination of body movements

Memory, planning, emotional response (via limbic system)

Question 8

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 8

Globus palladus

Putamen

Question 9

What makes up the diencephalon?

Answer 9

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland

Question 10

Functions of thalamus?

Answer 10

Sensory relay

Motor pathways

Question 11

Functions of hypothalamus?

Answer 11

Regulate ANS
Homeostasis
Produce hormones

Question 12

Functions of pineal gland?

Answer 12

Produce melatonin

Olfaction and emotional response connection

Question 13

Which cranial nerves originate in the midbrain?

Answer 13

CN III

IV

Question 14

What are the functions of the colliculi?

Answer 14

Sup - visual tracking/ scanning

Inf - auditory startle reflex

Question 15

Function of substantia nigra?

Answer 15

Control sub-conscious muscle action

Question 16

Function of red nuclei?

Answer 16

Co-ordinate muscle movement

Question 17

Function of pontine nuclei?

Answer 17

Voluntary motor output

Pneumotaxic tract - breathing

Question 18

Which CN originate in pons?

Answer 18

V, VI, VII, vestibular part of VIII

Question 19

Function of medulla?

Answer 19

Pyramids - motor tracts
Cardiovascular
Breathing centres
Touch/ pressure/ vibration
Olives - proprioception

Question 20

Which CN originate in medulla?

Answer 20

IX, X, XI, XII, cochlear part of VIII

Question 21

Function of cerebellum?

Answer 21

Skeletal movement, co-ordinates complex sequences

Regulate posture and balance

Question 22

What does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 22

GH
FSH
LH

Question 23

Where does the pituitary gland sit in the cranium?

Answer 23

Sella turcica (pituitary fossa)

Question 24

Make sure you can label/ draw circle of willis

Answer 24

Slide 15

Question 25

What lobes do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 25

Temporal

Question 26

What lobes do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 26

Frontal | Parietal

Question 27

What lobes do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 27

Occipital also base of brain

Question 28

From which artery do the vertebral arteries arise?

Answer 28

Subclavian

Question 29

What are the branches of the basilar arteries (before joining to posterior cerebral) ?

Answer 29

Cerebellar Pontine Medullary

Question 30

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

Answer 30

Pia Arachnoid Dura

Question 31

What is the blood supply to the meninges?

Answer 31

Anterior, middle and posterior meningeal arteries

Question 32

What artery does the anterior meningeal artery branch from?

Answer 32

Ethmoid from internal carotid

Question 33

What artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from?

Answer 33

Maxillary artery (via foramen spinosum) from external carotid

Question 34

What artery does the posterior meningeal artery branch from?

Answer 34

Occipital from external carotid

Question 35

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?

Answer 35

internal jugular

Question 36

Name the dural venous sinuses (8)

Answer 36

``` Superior sagittal Inferior sagittal Straight Confluence Cavernous Sigmoid Superior petrosal Transverse ```

Question 37

What are the 4 ventricles of the brain?

Answer 37

Lateral ventricle (1 in both sides) 3rd 4th

Question 38

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 38

In choroid plexus in the ventricles

Question 39

How is CSF made?

Answer 39

Ependymal cells filter blood plasma

Question 40

Where/ how is CSF recycled?

Answer 40

Through arachnoid villi (granulations) Back into dural venous sinuses