5. Anterior and Middle Mediastinum Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the borders of the anterior mediastinum?
Superior - transverse thoracic plane
Anterior - body of sternum
Posterior - pericardium
Inferior - diaphragm
What does the fibrous pericardium blend with superiorly and inferiorly?
Superior - tunica adventitia of great vessels
Inferior - central tendon of diaphragm
What are the two layers of serous pericardium?
Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What are the 2 pericardial sinuses?
Transverse pericardial sinus
Oblique pericardial sinus
MAKE SURE YOU CAN LABEL/ IDENTIFY VESSELS AND AREAS OF THE HEART
LOOK AT DIAGRAMS
What is the ligamentum arteriosum ?
Fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosus - communication between aorta and pulmonary trunk in foetal life
What are the branches of the R coronary artery?
SA nodal
AV nodal
R marginal
Posterior interventricular
What are the branches of the L coronary artery?
Circumflex - L marginal, SA nodal and posterior interventricular
Anterior interventricular - diagonal artery
Where do the cardiac veins drain?
To coronary sinus
EXCEPT
anterior cardiac veins - empty straight into R atrium
What artery does the great cardiac vein run alongside?
Anterior interventricular artery
What artery does the middle cardiac vein run alongside?
Posterior interventricular artery
What artery does the small cardiac vein run alongside?
Right marginal artery
What is the name given to muscular ridges in the atria/ auricles?
Musculi pectinati
What is the fossa ovalis?
Foramen ovale remnant
What is the name given to the muscular ridges in the ventricular walls?
Trabeculae carneae
What are the 2 semi-lunar valves?
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
What are the 2 cuspid valves?
Tricuspid
Mitral (bicuspid valve)
Where is the tricuspid valve found?
Between R atrium and R ventricle
Where is the mitral valve found?
L atrium and L ventricle
Where is the pulmonary valve found?
Between R ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Where is the aortic valve found?
Between L ventricle and ascending aorta
Do semi-lunar valves close in high or low pressure?
Low pressure - beginning of diastole (ventricular relaxation)
Do cuspid valves close in high or low pressure?
High pressure - during systole (ventricular contraction)