Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

collapsed lung, resorption, compression, contraction

Answer 1

Atelectasis

Question 2

air accumulation within the pleural cavity, may be spontaneous (idiopathic) or traumatic (shank to the thorax), may cause compression atelectasis or tension pneumothorax (life-threatening)

Answer 2

Pneumothorax

Question 3

Lobar pneumonia is commonly the result of

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 4

most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, green sputum, rapid onset

Answer 4

Community-acquired acute pneumonia

Question 5

symptoms do not correlate with clinical findings (no consolidation on chest film), most commonly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, prison, schools

Answer 5

Community-acquired atypical pneumonia

Question 6

permanent destruction of alveolar septa, inflammation, obstructive airway disease (wheezing), strongly associated with smoking or α1-antitrypsin deficiency, barrel chest, “pink puffer”

Answer 6

Emphysema

Question 7

bronchial inflammation, obstructive airway disease, smoking, smog, adult males, productive cough for 3 months in 2 consecutive years, cyanosis, obese, “blue bloater”

Answer 7

Chronic bronchitis

Question 8

combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, 10% of U.S. adults

Answer 8

COPD

Question 9

necrotizing infection of bronchi, tissue destruction, purulent sputum

Answer 9

Bronchiectasis

Question 10

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, elderly, urban poor, AIDS, malnutrition, Mantoux test (type IV hypersensitivity), caseating granuloma development, upper lung fields (cavitation), miliary spread, vertebral column (Pott disease), liver, lymph nodes, night sweats, fever in the afternoon, hemoptysis

Answer 10

Tuberculosis

Question 11

idiopathic, multisystem inflammation, non-caseating granuloma (lungs), African Americans, more common among non-smokers, incidental finding, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, skin lesions

Answer 11

Sarcoidosis

Question 12

autoimmune, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome (DASH), primarily affects the lung (hemoptysis) and kidneys (hematuria)

Answer 12

Goodpasture syndrome

Question 13

diffuse alveolar capillary and epithelial damage, severe trauma, sepsis, rapid onset, dyspnea, cyanosis, life-threatening, hyaline membrane disease

Answer 13

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 14

deep vein thrombosis dislodges and stops in pulmonary artery capillaries, may be lethal is large enough (cor pulmonale), small emboli are phagocytized without distress, may cause pulmonary hypertension

Answer 14

Pulmonary embolism

Question 15

increased pulmonary vessel blood pressure(BP) above ¼ systemic BP, result of vessel destruction or obstruction (pulmonary embolus), increased pulmonary vessel blood volume (left-to-right shunt), chroming interstitial lung disease

Answer 15

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 16

(AKA bronchogenic carcinoma), strong association with smoking (squamous cell and small-cell carcinomas) most common type is adenocarcinoma, most develop from bronchial epithelia cells, hemoptysis, asymptomatic until late

Answer 16

Lung cancer

Question 17

inspiration of asbestos is strongest risk, lesion of pleural cavity, long latency (20-40 years), lethal

Answer 17

Malignant mesothelioma