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A&P > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Simple Squamous Epithelium Tissue?

A

Appearance: Single row of thin cells
Cellular Make-up: Squamous Cells
Function: To allow rapid diffusion and transport substances
Location: Alveoli and Serosa

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2
Q

What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Tissue?

A

Appearance: Single layer of square or round cells
Cellular Make-up: Cuboidal Cells
Function: Absorption and secretion, mucus production and movement
Location: Liver and Kidney Tubes

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3
Q

What is Simple Columnar Epithelium Tissue?

A

Appearance: Single row of tall, narrow cells
Cellular Make-up: Columnar Cells and Goblet Cells
Function: Secretion of mucus and other products; movement of egg and embryo in uterine tube
Location: Uterus and Kidney

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4
Q

What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Tissue?

A

Appearance: Looks multilayered; all cells touch basement membrane
Cellular Make-up: Basal Cells and Goblet Cells
Function: Secrets and propels mucus
Location: Respiratory Track and Males Urethra

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5
Q

What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium Keratinized Tissue?

A

Appearance: Multiple cell layers with cells becoming flat and scaly toward the surface (zig-zag surface)
Cellular Make-up: Dead Squamous Cells and Living Epithelial Cells
Function: Resists abrasion and penetration pathogens
Location: Epidermis, palms of hands, and soles of feet

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6
Q

What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium Nonkeratinized Tissue?

A

Appearance: Multiple cell layers with cells becoming flat but doesn’t have the surface layer of dead cells
Cellular Make-up: Living Epithelial Cells
Function: Resists abrasion and penetration pathogens
Location: Tongue and Vagina

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7
Q

What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Tissue?

A

Appearance: Two or more cell layers; surface cells are square or round
Cellular Make-up: Cuboidal Cells
Function: Secretes sweet; produces sperm, and ovarian hormones
Location: Sweat Gland Ducts and Ovarian Follicles

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8
Q

What is Transitional Epithelium Tissue?

A

Appearance: Multilayered epithelium surface cells that change from round to flat when stretched
Cellular Make-up: Binucleate Epithelial Cell
Function: Allows for filling of urinary tract
Location: Ureter and Bladder

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9
Q

What is Areolar Connective Tissue?

A

Appearance: Loosely organized fibers, abundant in blood vessels, and a lot of empty space
Cellular Make-up: Fibroblasts
Function: Loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissue
Location: Between muscles and Passageway for Blood Vessels

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10
Q

What is Reticular Connective Tissue?

A

Appearance: Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
Cellular Make-up: Fibroblast
Function: Forms supportive storm for Lymphatic organs
Location: Spleen and Bone Marrow

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11
Q

What is Dense Regular Connective Tissue?

A

Appearance: Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers, compressed fibroblasts nuclei (multiple waves)
Cellular Make-up: Fibroblast
Function: Attachment (binds bones together and use tendons to attach muscle to bone)
Location: Tendons and Ligaments

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12
Q

What is Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?

A

Appearance: Densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers, and few visible cells
Cellular Make-up: Fibroblasts
Function: Durable, hard to tear, withstands stresses applied in unpredictable directions
Location: Spleen and Kidney

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13
Q

What is Adipose Connective Tissue?

A

Appearance: Dominated by adipocytes large, empty looking cells with thin margins
Cellular Make-up: Fat Cells
Function: Insulates and cushions organs
Location: Breast and Heart

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14
Q

What is Hyaline Cartilage?

A

Appearance: Clear, glassy microscopic appearance because of unusual fineness of the collagen fibers. Usually covered by perichondrium.
Cellular Make-up: Cell Nest
Function: Eases joint movements
Location: A thin cartilage over the ends of bones at moveable joints

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15
Q

What is Elastic Cartilage?

A

Appearance: Elastic fibers form weblike mesh amid lacunae, and chondrocytes
Cellular Make-up: Collagen Fibers
Function: Provides flexible, elastic support
Location: External ear and Epiglottis

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16
Q

What is Fibro Cartilage?

A

Appearance: Parallel collagen fibers similar to tendons; rows of chondrocytes in lacunae between collagen fibers
Cellular Make-up: Collagen Fibers
Function: Resists compression and absorbs shock
Location: Intervertebral Discs and Menisci

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17
Q

What is Bone Cartilage?

A

Appearance: Calcium matrix arranged in concentric lamellae around central canals
Cellular Make-up: Collagen Fibers
Function: Provide support to the body
Location: Skeleton

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18
Q

What is Blood Cartilage?

A

Appearance: Pale pink discs with light centers and no nuclei
Cellular Make-up: Platelets
Function: Transports gases, nutrients, waste, chemical signals, and heat throughout the body
Location: Heart and Blood Vessels

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19
Q

What is Nervous Muscle Tissue?

A

Appearance: A few large neurons, usually with rounded or stellate cell bodies and fibrous processes extending from the neurosomas
Cellular Make-up: Neuron and Neural Bria
Function: Internal communication
Location: Brain and Spinal Cord

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20
Q

What is Skeletal Muscle Tissue?

A

Appearance: Long, threadlike, unbranched cells, relatively parallel in longitudinal tissue sections; striations; multiple nuclei per cell, near plasma membrane
Cellular Make-up: Muscle Cells
Function: Body movement, facial expressions, posture, breathing, speech, swallowing, and assistance in childbirth
Location: Tongue and Esophagus

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21
Q

What is Cardiac Muscle Tissue?

A

Appearance: Short cells with notched or slightly branched ends, less parallel appearance in tissue sections
Cellular Make-up: Muscle Cells
Function: Pumps blood
Location: Heart

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22
Q

What is Smooth Muscle Tissue?

A

Appearance: Short fusiform cells overlapping each other; non striated; one nucleus per cell, centrally located
Cellular Make-up: Muscle Cells
Function: Swallowing; control of blood pressure, respiratory airflow, pupillary diameter, and erections of hair
Location: Iris and Hair Follicles

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23
Q

Connections between one cell and another

A

Cell Junctions

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24
Q

Holds 2 cells as close as they can be

Located near apical surface

A

Tight Junction

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25
Q

Patch that holds cells together (like clothing snap)

A

Desmosomes

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26
Q

Anchor the basal cells of epithelium to the underlying basement membrane (cell to basement membrane)

A

Hemidesmosomes

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27
Q

Formed by a ringlike connection; hold cells adjacent to each other allow ions, glucose, amino acids to pass from cell to cell.

A

Gap Junctions

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28
Q

Cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body or releases them for elimination from the body

A

Gland

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29
Q

Product useful to the body

A

Secretion

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30
Q

Waste product

A

Excretion

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31
Q

Maintain their contact with the body surface by way of duct

duct work production sight & tubing to take products elsewhere

A

Exocrine Glands

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32
Q

Lose their contact with the surface and have no ducts

no duct work or transfer tubing

A

Endocrine Glands

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33
Q

Found in epithelium that is predominantly non-secretory

glands can technically be a single cell

A

Unicellular Glands

34
Q

Connective covering of most glands

A

Capsule

35
Q

Unbranched duct

A

Simple

36
Q

Branched duct (tree like)

A

Compound

37
Q

(Shape of Gland) Duct and secretory portion have uniform diameter

A

Tubular

38
Q

(Shape of Gland) Secretory cells form dilated sac (acinus or alveolus)

A

Acinar

39
Q

(Shape of Gland) Both tubular and acing portions

A

Tubuloacinar

40
Q

Produces thin watery secretions

A

Serous Gland

41
Q

Produces glycoprotein, mucin, which absorbs water to form a sticky secretion called mucus

A

Mucous Gland

42
Q

Unicellular mucous gland

A

Goblet Cells

43
Q

Contains both cell types and produce a mixture of the two types of secretions; can adjust the viscosity

A

Mixed Glands

44
Q

Release whole cells, sperm and egg cells

A

Cytogenic Glands

45
Q

Have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis

A

Merocrine Glands

46
Q

Primarily merocrine mode of secretion

A

Apocrine Glands

47
Q

Cells accumulate a product and then the entire cell disintegrates

A

Holocrine Glands

48
Q

Line body cavities and cover their viscera

A

Membranes

49
Q

Largest membrane in the body (Skin)

A

Cutaneous Membrane

50
Q

Lines passages that open to the external environment

A

Mucous Membrane (Mucosa)

51
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

Lamina Propria

52
Q

Smooth muscle layer

A

Muscularis Mucosae

53
Q

Membranes that line all organs

A

Serous Membrane (Serosa)

54
Q

Lines joint cavities

A

Synovial Membrane

55
Q

Increasing the number of cells or the exiting cells grow larger

A

Tissue Growth

56
Q

Tissue growth through cell multiplication (cells multiply.. mitosis)

A

Hyperplasia

57
Q

Enlargement of preexisting cells

A

Hypertrophy

58
Q

Development of a tumor

A

Neoplasia

59
Q

Unspecialized tissues of embryo become specialized mature types
Ex: mesenchyme to muscle

A

Differentiation

60
Q

Changing from one type of mature tissue to another

A

Metaplasia

61
Q

Undifferentiated cells that are not yet performing any specialized function

A

Stem Cells

62
Q

Diversity of mature cell types to which stem cells can give rise

A

Developmental Plasticity

63
Q

Have potential to develop into any type of fully differentiated human cell

A

Totipotent

64
Q

Can develop into any type of cell in the embryo

A

Pluripotent

65
Q

Undifferentiated cells in tissues of adults

A

Adult Stem Cells

66
Q

Bone marrow producing several blood cell types

A

Multipotent

67
Q

Most limited plasticity; only epidermal cells produced

A

Unipotent

68
Q

Replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same type of cell as before

A

Regeneration

69
Q

Replacement of damaged cells with scar tissue

A

Fibrosis

70
Q

Phagocytize and digest tissue debris; used to destroy other cells

A

Macrophages

71
Q

Shrinkage of a tissue through a loss in cell size or number

A

Atrophy

72
Q

Through normal aging

A

Senile Atrophy

73
Q

From lack of use

A

Disuse Atrophy

74
Q

Premature, pathological death of tissue due to trauma, toxins, or infections

A

Necrosis

75
Q

Sudden death of tissue; blood supply is cut off

A

Infraction

76
Q

Tissue necrosis; insufficient blood supply

A

Gangrene

77
Q

Bed sore or pressure sore

A

Decubitus ulcer

78
Q

Anaerobic bacterial infection

A

Gas Gangrene

79
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

80
Q

Artifical production of tissues and organs in the lab for implantation in the human body

A

Tissue Engineering

A&P (9 decks)

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