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A&P > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of bones

A

Osteology

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2
Q

Composed of bones, cartilages, and ligaments

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

Forerunner of most bones

A

Cartilage

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4
Q

Holds bones together at the joints

A

Ligaments

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5
Q

Attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendons

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6
Q

Holds up the body, supports muscles, mandible and maxilla support teeth.

A

Support

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7
Q

Brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs

A

Protection

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8
Q

Limb movements, breathing, action of muscle on bone

A

Movement

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9
Q

Calcium and phosphate ions

A

Electrolyte Balance

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10
Q

Buffers blood against excessive pH changes

A

Acid- Base Balance

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11
Q

Red bone marrow is the chief producer of blood cells

A

Blood Formation

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12
Q

Connective tissue with the matrix hardened by calcium phosphate and other minerals

A

Bone (Osseous Tissue)

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13
Q

The hardening process of bone

A

Mineralization or Calcification

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14
Q
  • Protects soft organs

- Curved but wide and thin

A

Flat Bones

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15
Q
  • Longer than wide

- Ridgid levers acted upon by muscles

A

Long Bones

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16
Q
  • Equal in length and width

- Glide across one another in multiple directions

A

Short Bones

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17
Q

Elaborate Shapes that do not fit into other categories

A

Irregular Bones

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18
Q

Outer shell of long bone

A

Compact (dense) Bone

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19
Q

Cylinder of compact bone to provide leverage

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

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20
Q

Space in the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow

A

Medullary Cavity (marrow cavity)

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21
Q

Enlarged end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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22
Q

Covered by more durable compact bone

A

Spongy (cancellous) Bone

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23
Q

Layer of Hyaline Cartilage that covers that joint surface where one bone meets another

A

Articular Cartilage

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24
Q

Minute holes in the bone surface that allows blood vessels to penetrate

A

Nutrient Foramina

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25
Q

External sheath that covers bone except where there is articular cartilage; around bone

A

Periosteum

26
Q

Fibers of periosteum connect to tendons

A

Outer Fibrous Layer

27
Q

Other outer fibers that penetrate into the bone matrix

A

Perforating Fibers

28
Q

Important to growth of bone and healing of fractures; bone cells live here

A

Inner Osteogenic Layer

29
Q

Thin layer of reticular connective tissue lining marrow cavity; linen inside of the bone

A

Endosteum

30
Q

Area of Hyaline Cartilage that separates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate)

31
Q

In adults, a bony scar that marks where growth plate used to be.

A

Epiphyseal Line

32
Q

Spongy layer in the cranium; produces blood; there to work as a bike helmet

A

Diploe

33
Q

Four Principal types of bone cells

A

Osteogenic Cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

34
Q

Stem cells that create new cells

Located in osteoblasts, endosteum, periosteum, and central canals

A

Osteogenic Cells

35
Q

Bone forming cells; builds bone
Secretes osteocalcin that stimulates the pancreas to increase insulin levels
Located endosteum and periosteum
DO NOT REPLICATE

A

Osteoblasts

36
Q

Structural protein for bone

A

Osteocalcin

37
Q

Former osteoblast cells that have built bone 360 degrees around themselves and are now trapped
Located anywhere in bone
Function is to maintain the bone they have built around themselves and maintain calcium and phosphate levels

A

Osteocytes

38
Q

Bone dissolving cells found on the bone surface

A

Osteoclasts

39
Q

Side facing bone surface

Increases surface area and resorption efficiency

A

Ruffled Border

40
Q

Pits on surface of bone where osteoclasts reside

Breaks down bone faster

A

Resorption Bays

41
Q

Results from combined actions of the bone- dissolving osteoclasts and the bone- depositing osteoblasts

A

Remodeling

42
Q

About 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter

A

Matrix of Osseous Tissue

43
Q

Synthesized by osteoblasts

A

Organic Matter

44
Q

85% hydroxyapatite, 10% calcium carbonate, other minerals

A

Inorganic Matter

45
Q

Soft bones due to deficiency of calcium salts (lacks inorganic)

A

Rickets

46
Q

Excessively brittle due to lack of protein collagen

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

47
Q

Ceramic

A

Ridged Inorganic

48
Q

Proteins

A

Organic

49
Q

Combination of two basic structural materials, a ceramic and a polymer

A

Composite

50
Q

Slivers of bone

A

Spicules

51
Q

Thin plates of bone

A

Trabeculae

52
Q

Spaces filled

A

Red Bone Marrow/ Yellow Marrow

53
Q

Spongy bone consists of:

A

Spicules, Trabeculae, Red & Yellow Marrow

54
Q

Where Trabecular develop

A

Along bone’s lines of stress

55
Q

General term for soft tissue that occupies the marrow cavity of a long bone and small spaces amid the trabeculae of spongy bone

A

Bone Marrow

56
Q

Myeloid Tissue

In nearly every bone in a child

A

Red Marrow

57
Q

Produces blood cells and is composed of multiple tissues in a delicate, but intricate arrangement that is an organ to itself

A

Hemopoietic Tissue

58
Q

Found in Adults
Most red marrow turns into fatty yellow marrow
No longer produces blood

A

Yellow Marrow

59
Q

The formation of bone

A

Ossification

60
Q

Bone develops out of mesodome tissue.
Embryotic development
Located in the skull

A

Intramembranous Ossification

A&P (9 decks)

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