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MCAT > 8B: Social Thinking > Flashcards

8B: Social Thinking Flashcards

1
Q

What is Attribution Theory?

A

It describes how we attach meanings to our own and others behavior; explains how we interpret events around us

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2
Q

What are the two types of attribution?

A

Dispositional (Internal)

Situational (External)

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3
Q

Dispositional Attribution

A

The attitude, characteristics, motivation, emotions, personality, beliefs about a person explain why that person behaves a certain way

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4
Q

Situational Attribution

A

The way that a person behaves is because of a particular situation

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5
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

[aka Correspondence Bias or Attribution Effect]

A

When we underestimate the impact of a situation AND overestimate the impact of a persons character or personality

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6
Q

What does Fundamental Attribution Error describe?

A

It essentially describes that people tend to judge others based on their dispositional factors rather than situational factors

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7
Q

How does culture affect attribution?

A

Certain cultures have a high value on certain things; some value uniqueness and independence while others value conformity and interdependence.

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8
Q

Cues

A

Things used to understand the behavior of others

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9
Q

Consistency Cues

“Typical or Random?”

A

The more regular behavior, the more we associate that behavior with the motives of the person

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10
Q

Distinctiveness Cues

“Everyone or Just Me?”

A

If a persons behavior varies in different scenarios, we are more likely to form a situational attribution to explain it

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11
Q

Consensus Cues

“Majority or Singular?”

A

If a person deviates from socially expected behavior, we are likely for form a dispositional attribution about the persons behavior

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12
Q

Actor-Observer Bias

A

The tendency to blame our actions on the situation and blame the actions of others on their personalities

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13
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

The tendency to attribute successes to ourselves and our failures to others or the external environment

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14
Q

Individuals who view their own success based on internal factors and failures based on external factors are exhibiting

A

Self Serving Bias

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15
Q

Self-Enhancement

A

Focuses on the need to maintain self-worth and can be done through internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failure.

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16
Q

Optimism Bias

A

The belief that bad things happen to other people and not to us

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17
Q

Just World Phenomenon

A

A tendency to believe that the world is fair and people get what they deserve

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18
Q

Halo Effect

A

The tendency to believe that people have inherently good or bad natures, rather than looking at individual characteristics

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19
Q

Impression Bias

A

A model of social perception that focuses on our selection of cues to form interpretations of others that are consistent over time.

20
Q

Primacy Effect

A

First impressions are often more important than subsequent impressions

21
Q

Recency Effect

A

Most recent information we have about an individual that is the most important in forming our impressions

22
Q

Social Perception

A

Involves the understanding of others in our social world; the initial information we process about other people in order to try to understand their mindsets and intentions

23
Q

Social Cognition

A

The ability of the brain to store and process information regarding social perception

24
Q

Projection Bias

A

We assume others have the same beliefs as we do & since people have a tendency to look for similarities between themselves and others

25
Q

False Consensus

A

We assume that everyone else agrees with what we do

26
Q

Prejudice

A

Thoughts, attitudes and feelings someone holds about a group that are not based on actual experience; prejudgment of members of a group

27
Q

Types of Prejudice

A

Racism, Classism, Sexism, Nationalism, Agism, Homophobia

28
Q

What influences prejudice?

A

Power, Prestige and Class

29
Q

Power

A

Ability to control other peoples behavior

30
Q

Prestige

A

Good reputation, high position in society

31
Q

Class

A

Upper, middle, lower

32
Q

Role of Emotion in Prejudice

A

Aroused by expression or thoughts

33
Q

Role of Cognition in Prejudice

A

What people believe is true

34
Q

Stereotype

A

Oversimplified ideas about groups of people based on characteristics (such as race, gender, sexuality, religion or disability); they can be positive or negative

35
Q

Paternalistic Stereotypes

A

The group is looked down upon as inferior, dismissed or ignored

36
Q

Contemptuous Stereotypes

A

The group is viewed with resentment, annoyance or anger

37
Q

Envious Stereotypes

A

The group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness or distrust

38
Q

Admiration Stereotypes

A

The group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings

39
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The tendency to judge people from another culture by the standards of ones own culture especially when it comes to language, customs and religion.

40
Q

Where does ethnocentrism manifest?

A

It can manifest in innocent displays of ethnic pride to violent supremacy groups

41
Q

In-Group

A

Social group that one identifies his or herself as a member

42
Q

Out-Group

A

Social group that one does not identify as a member

43
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

The idea that no culture is superior than the other

44
Q

Stigma

A

Extreme disapproval from society, groups, culture etc.; Labeling leads to stigma

45
Q

Types of Stigma

A

Character Traits
Physical
Group Identity

46
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Pygmalion Effect)

A

Occurs when stereotypes lead to behaviors that affirm the original stereotypes; something that occurs that validates a stereotype

47
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

One feeling at risk of confirming negative stereotypes; people are concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype about their social group

MCAT (31 decks)

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