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MCAT > Data-Based and Statistical Reasoning > Flashcards

Data-Based and Statistical Reasoning Flashcards

1
Q

Measurements of Central Tendency

A

Provide a single value representation for the middle of a group of data (mean, median, mode)

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2
Q

Measurements of Central Tendency

A

Provide a single value representation for the middle of a group of data (mean, median, mode)

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3
Q

Measures of Central Tendency

A

Provide a single value representation for the middle of a group of data (mean, median, mode)

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4
Q

Measures of Central Tendency

A

Provide a single value representation for the middle of a group of data

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5
Q

Arithmetic Mean (Average)

A

A measure that equally weighs all values; it’s most affected by outliers

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6
Q

Median

A

The value that lies in the middle of the data set; 50% of the data points are above and below the median

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7
Q

Median

A

The value that lies in the middle of the data set; 50% of the data points are above and below the median

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8
Q

Mode

A

The data point that appears most often; there may be multiple, or zero, modes in a data set

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9
Q

Mode

A

The data point that appears most often; there may be multiple, or zero, modes in a data set

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10
Q

Range

A

The difference between the smallest and largest number in a sample

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11
Q

Distribution

A

Classified by measures of central tendency and measures of distribution; it has a particular shape

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12
Q

Distribution

A

Classified by measures of central tendency and measures of distribution; it has a particular shape

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13
Q

Normal Distribution

A

Symmetrical, mean, median and mode are the same

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14
Q

Standard Normal Distribution

A

Normal distribution with a mean of zero and standard deviation of 1

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15
Q

Skewed Distribution

A

Have differences in their mean, median and mode; skew is in the direction of the tail

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16
Q

Bimodal Distribution

A

Multiple peaks; it may be useful to perform data analysis on the two groups separately

17
Q

Bimodal Distribution

A

Multiple peaks; it may be useful to perform data analysis on the two groups separately

18
Q

Measures of Distribution

A

Range
Interquartile Range
Standard Deviation
Outliers

19
Q

Interquartile Range

A

Difference between the value of the third quartile and the first quartile

20
Q

Interquartile Range

A

Difference between the value of the third quartile and the first quartile

21
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Measurement of the variability about the mean; it is used to calculate how much the data varies

22
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Measurement of the variability about the mean; it is used to calculate how much the data varies

23
Q

Outliers

A

A result of true population variability, measurement error or non-normal distribution

24
Q

Outliers

A

A result of true population variability, measurement error or non-normal distribution

25
Q

Probability of Independent Events

A

Does not change based on the outcomes of other events

26
Q

Probability of Dependent Events

A

Does change depending on the outcomes of other events

27
Q

Mutually Exclusive Outcomes

A

Cannot occur simultaneously

28
Q

Mutually Exclusive Outcomes

A

Cannot occur simultaneously

29
Q

Hypothesis Tests

A

Use a known distribution to determine whether a hypothesis of difference (the null hypothesis) can be rejected

30
Q

Hypothesis Tests

A

Use a known distribution to determine whether a hypothesis of difference (the null hypothesis) can be rejected

31
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

States that two populations are equal or that a single population can be described by parameter equal to a given value

32
Q

Correlation

A

Expresses a relationship between two sets of data using a single number

33
Q

Positive Correlation

A

Indicates a positive association between the two variables; that is, when one variable increases the other also tends to increase as well

34
Q

Negative Correlation

A

Indicates a negative association between the two variables; that is, when one increases the other tends to decrease or vice versa

35
Q

Correlation does not imply causation

A

Conclusions cannot be drawn about behavioral problems based on correlation

MCAT (31 decks)

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