Altered Fluid Balance

Question 1

What are the normal value for blood?

Answer 1

Hb: 13-18 g/dl (male)
11.5-15 g/dl (female)
INR:

Question 2

What are the immediate priorities of care for a pt with episodes of haematemesis?

Answer 2

Oxygen (nasal specs 6l)
Fluids (fluid resuscitation, crystalloyds, wide bore cannula)
Airway management (risk of aspiration, recovery position, suction)
Check bloods
Blood transfusion (crash bloods O-, “code red”-4 units cross matched)
Get help
Regular monitoring

Question 3

What are the pre transfusion checks required to ensure safe administration of a blood transfusion?

Answer 3

Pts identity is correct
Blood matches the order
Checked by 2 people independently
"Right blood, right pt, right time"
Consent and explanation is conscious
Check expiry date
Check line is patent
Check blood looks ok (don't use if dusky, bubbly, clumpy)
Put up within 30 mins, use within 4 hrs

Question 4

What observations should be undertaken for a pt before, during and following a blood transfusion?

Answer 4

Heart rate
Temperature
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate
Oxygen SATs

Question 5

What should you do if a pt has a reaction during a blood transfusion?

Answer 5

Stop transfusion immediately and disconnect

Question 6

High urea and creatinine=

Answer 6

AKI due to lack of perfusion

Question 7

Low albumin=

Answer 7

Liver not producing enough