3.7: Lexical Access

Question 0

What are the three types of Lexical Access Tasks?

Answer 0

Lexical Descision Tasks

Naming Tasks

Perceptual Identification

Question 1

What is Lexical access?

Answer 1

How we retrieve words

Question 2

What are Lexical Descision Tasks? When can this be difficult?

Answer 2

Is this a word?

It’s hard to quickly say is this a word when words are fired at us quickly because we must first access the word in order to make a decision

Question 3

What are Naming Tasks?

Answer 3

Name items as fast as you can

Similar to Lexical Decision Task but is more natural (We don’t really interact with non words in real life)

Question 4

What is Perceptual Identification?

Answer 4

Looking at Words in noise or that have been degraded

Question 5

What are we measuring in all three types of lexical decision tasks?

Answer 5

RTs

Errors

Question 6

What four variables can affect Lexical Access?

Answer 6

Word Frequency

Word Familiarity

Imageability/Concreteness

Context

Question 7

What is Word Frequency?

Answer 7

How often words appear in print

Token Frequency

Question 8

In lexical access tasks, as frequency decreases, performance ______.

Answer 8

Will decline

Question 9

What words are usually less affected by brain injury: high frequency or low frequency? Are open class and closed class words affected in a similar manner?

Answer 9

High frequency

No. This frequency effect is only found for open-class words (nouns, adject, etc.)

Question 10

What is Word Familiarity?

Answer 10

How familiar a person is with a word

Question 11

Is word familiarity the same thing as word frequency?

Answer 11

No. A low frequency word can still be very familiar

Question 12

Does familiarity vary along with someone’s society or culture?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Are highly familiar words more easily accessed?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What is the benefit to Repetition Priming?

Answer 14

People are faster to respond to previously accessed items (repeated words)

Question 15

What is Imageability/Concreteness?

Answer 15

Concrete words (table, book, dog)

Ones where it is easy to produce an image

Question 16

Are concrete words usually accessed faster than abstract words?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Are concrete words less often affected by brain damage?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

Is is easy to produce an image for abstract words? (fate, hope, idea)

Answer 18

No

Question 19

How does Context help lexical access?

Answer 19

It primes us for the appropriate meaning

Question 20

What is a Simultaneous Bilingual?

Answer 20

One who acquires both (all) languages at or near birth

Question 21

What is a Sequential Bilingual?

Answer 21

One who acquires on language at birth and a second language during childhood or later in life

Question 22

What is a Balanced Bilingual?

Answer 22

One who communicates in two or more langages with equal proficiency

Question 23

What is an Unbalanced Bilingual?

Answer 23

One who is more proficient in one language

Question 24

What is a Language Learner?

Answer 24

Emergent One who is learning a language

Question 25

What is a Highly Proficient Speaker?

Answer 25

Advanced One who has studied a language for a long time

Question 26

What is a Near Native Speaker?

Answer 26

Not a native speaker but speaks fluently

Question 27

What is a Native Speaker?

Answer 27

Grew up speaking a language from birth

Question 28

How is Word Frequency affected in Bilinguals?

Answer 28

A highly frequent word might appear less frequent

Question 29

How is Word Familiarity affected in Bilinguals?

Answer 29

Level of fluency will determine Bilinguals how familiar words are

Question 30

How is Imageability/Concreteness affected in Bilinguals?

Answer 30

Concrete words usually have one word Abstract words may have multiple translations due to the semantics

Question 31

What is a Bilingual General Lexical Decision Task?

Answer 31

You have to decide if something is a word in either langauge

Question 32

What is a Bilingual Specific Lexical Decision Task?

Answer 32

Your decision can only be based in one language

Question 33

What are Cognates?

Answer 33

Words that have similar spelling & meaning across languages

Question 34

What are Interlingual Homographs?

Answer 34

Words that have the same spelling but different meanings across languages

Question 35

What did Libben & Titone study in 2009 regarding bilinguals?

Answer 35

How they processed cognates and interlingual homographs He used eyetracking (Cognates: He ate the meal like a ferocious animal) (Interlingual homographs: My grandmother baked a delicious PIE)

Question 36

What did Libben & Titone find in their 2009 study regarding bilinguals? Why?

Answer 36

Irregardless of context, people started more at the interlingual homographs Both meanings are activated so there is a conflict that must be resolved