Lecture 17: Language Production

Question 0

Speech errors can occur at the ______ or the ______ level.

Answer 0

Word

Subword

Question 1

What do language mistakes give us insight into?

Answer 1

The process by which we produce language

Question 2

What are the 6 types of subword errors?

Answer 2

Shift

Exhange

Anticipations

Preservations

Additions

Deletions

Question 3

What is a shift?

Answer 3

One speech segment shifts to another place

Question 4

What are the two kinds of shifts?

Answer 4

Phoneme Shift

Morpheme shift

Question 5

What is a Phoneme Shift?

Answer 5

You put a phoneme in the wrong place

Chubbly dumpings (Chubby dumplings)
Put the gobe black (globe back)

Question 6

What is a Morpheme shift?

Answer 6

You put a morpheme in the wrong place

Put your hand on your heads
Did you finish wash outing it?
We’re not the only ones with screw looses
I had forgot abouten it.

Question 7

What are exchanges?

Answer 7

Two units exchange places

Also called Spoonerisms

Question 8

What is a Phoneme Exchange?

Answer 8

You switch phonemes

Don’t fake your schinger at me!
Smuck in the tid (Stick in the mud)

Question 9

What are Phoneme Anticipations?

Answer 9

A later unit takes the place of an earlier on

I am tick (sick) and tired
Did you get the moiter oil

Question 10

What are Phoneme Preservations?

Answer 10

An earlier unit takes place of a later one

Stupid stuperstition
Benign and balignant tumors

Question 11

Do phoneme exchanges, anticipations, and preservations reflect the complex motor planning involved in articulation?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Do tongue twisters often induce phoneme exchanges, anticipations, and preservations?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What are Phoneme/Morpheme Additions?

Answer 13

Additional phonemes/morphemes

I have a stinking feeling
I feel like I could blurst

Question 14

What are Phoneme/Morpheme Deletions?

Answer 14

Omitted phonemes/morphemes

I’m not dunk! (drink)
Give me a pacific answer (specific)

Question 15

Are speech errors random or do they occur in regular patterns?

Answer 15

In regular patterns

Question 16

In speech errors, do phoneme positions tend to stay consistent?

Answer 16

Yes

shu flots (flu shots)

Question 17

In speech errors, do elements being exchanged tend to be similar?

Answer 17

Yes

consonant -> consonant: turfey stukking (turkey stuffing)

vowel -> vowel: odd hack (ad hoc)

Question 18

In speech errors, are nonword slips consistant with phonotactics?

Answer 18

Yes

Stubstituion (substitution)
Scheduled an elexcution (execution)

Question 19

What are the 6 different type of Word Level Errors?

Answer 19

Exchanges

Deletions

Perseverations

Anticipations

Substitutions

Blends

Question 20

What is a Word Exchange?

Answer 20

It’s a pleasue for you to introduce me

Wash your teeth and brush your face

Question 21

What is a Word Deletion?

Answer 21

You always late

Hey! Can you feed dog?

Question 22

What are Word Perseverations?

Answer 22

Repeating a previous word

No one except the developer excepted (accepted)

Question 23

What is Word Anticipation?

Answer 23

Using an upcoming word

Did you wash the car wash? (watch)
Would you would say goodbye without saying goodbye?

Question 24

What are Word Substitutions?

Answer 24

A word is replaced by an intruder

Question 25

What are Semantic Substitutions?

Answer 25

The intruder is semantically related This is my sister...I mean my wife Were you alone or by yourself?

Question 26

What are Phonological Substitutions?

Answer 26

Intruder is phonologically related Also called a malapropism It's a hysterical fact (historical) What are you incinerating? (insinuating)

Question 27

What are Name Substitutions?

Answer 27

When you accidently say the wrong name Terry..er...Tom..er..Tabitha So I was in bed talking to Tommy - I mean Ritchie! Oh $%&*@! Call your current significant other by your ex's name.....

Question 28

What are Blends?

Answer 28

Words "fuse" together If you dood that... (did + do) We need moptimal productivity (maximal/optimal)

Question 29

In malapropisms, over ___% of the initial sounds and over ___% of word ending are identical or very similar to the target.

Answer 29

80% 70%

Question 30

Do beginnings and ends of words have special status?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What is the Bathtub Effect?

Answer 31

We tend to preserve the beginnings and ending of words more than the middle

Question 32

Do speech errors often preserve the word class of the target?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Do blends occur more with words that have similar meanings?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Do bilinguals often blend words from each of their languages (especially when switching between the two languages)?

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

What are Freudian Slips supposed to reveal?

Answer 35

Our repressed thoughts/desires

Question 36

What do Freudian Slips supposedly arise from?

Answer 36

Competing intentions

Question 37

In what conditions did Motley & Baars (1979) place participants in their word error experiment?

Answer 37

Participants were placed in two conditions: Shock conditions & sexual conditions

Question 38

What did Motley & Baars (1979) have participants do in their word error experiment?

Answer 38

Subjects were asked to read a list of paired nonwords

Question 39

How did the shock conditioned participants respond in Motley & Baars' (1979) word error experiment?

Answer 39

They morphed the nonwords to reflect the "electrical" condition

Question 40

How did the sexually conditioned participants respond in Motley & Baars' (1979) word error experiment?

Answer 40

They morphed the nonwords to reflect the "sexual" condition

Question 41

How does the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning explain speech errors?

Answer 41

Speech planning involves a series of stages Thus speech problems reflect problems at a certain stage

Question 42

What is Stage 1 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 42

Meaning is generated

Question 43

What is Stage 2 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 43

You create the syntactic outline. Word slots are specified.

Question 44

What is Stage 3 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 44

You generate the intonation/prosody of the message Note: Still no words

Question 45

What is Stage 4 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 45

Morphology 1 Content words are selected and inserted into slots

Question 46

What is Stage 5 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 46

Morphology 2 Affixes (-ed, etc.) & Function words are added

Question 47

What is Stage 6 of the Serial Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 47

Phonetic segments are specified How the words sound

Question 48

What is the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 48

Multiple levels interact during language production

Question 49

What are the four nodes in the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning?

Answer 49

Semantic Syntactic Morphologic Phonologic

Question 50

How does the Parallel Model of Linguistic Planning explain speech errors?

Answer 50

Phonological connections Semantic connections Morphological connections

Question 51

What is the Phonological Bias Technique?

Answer 51

Phonologically similar words induce errors "Yolk" example A alternate speech plan (rhyming words) causes interference

Question 52

What are Spoonerisms?

Answer 52

Subword Exchanges

Question 53

What is a malapropism?

Answer 53

Phonemic Substitution