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A&P 3.2 > Stomach anatomy > Flashcards

Stomach anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The stomach is __-Shaped, It can hold ____ quarts of food, and changes shape when you eat

A

J

2-4

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2
Q

The stomach is _______ in tall people, and more _____ in short people

A

vertical

horizontal

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3
Q

Where does the esophagus meet the stomach?

A

Cardiac orifice

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4
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

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5
Q

What is the cardia?

A

Small area where esophagus enters

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6
Q

What is the fundus?

A

“Storage area” The dome superior to the esophageal opening

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7
Q

What is the largest portion of the stomach?

A

The body

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8
Q

What does pylorus mean, and what are it’s 3 subparts?

A

“Gatekeeper”
Pyloric Antrum
Pyloric canal
Pyloric sphincter

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9
Q

What is the pyloric antrum?

A

“Funnel like” between the body and the pyloric canal

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10
Q

What is the pyloric canal?

A

A narrowing down, as pylorus approaches pyloric sphincter

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11
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Muscle surrounding the very end of pylorus

A narrow passage into the duodenum

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12
Q

What is the gastroduodenal sphincter?

A

AKA pyloric sphincter

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13
Q

How is chyme made?

A

Smooth muscle in stomach creates chyme with enzymes, HCl, smooth muscle

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14
Q

What are rugae and what do they do?

A

Conspicuous longitudinal folds in the stomach- allow stomach to stretch when we eat

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15
Q

How is the stomach innervated?

A

PNS- Vagus (X) nerve

SNS- Celiac ganglion

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16
Q

What is the stomach’s blood supply?

A

Mostly from celiac trunk

Blood drains to hepatic portal vein to live

17
Q

Where is the emetic center of the stomach?

A

In the medulla oblongata

18
Q

How does vomiting occur physiologically?

A

Causes forceful ejection of stomach contents through mouth
Abdominal contractions drive chyme up and out as both esophageal sphincters open
Salivation occurs to protect lining

19
Q

The _______ and _______ systems collaborate to increase gastric secretions and motility when food is eaten, AND to ________ them as the stomach empties.

A

nervous
endocrine
suppress

20
Q

What are the 3 phases of stomach secretions?

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

21
Q

What activates the cephalic stage of stomach secretion?

A

Sensory receptors in head: Sight, smell, taste, and thought

22
Q

Cephalic stage signals converge on the ________ and relay to the ________ ________. The ______ nerve fibers then stimulate the G-cells, and thus, secretion

A

hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
vagus

23
Q

Gastric secretions begin before _____ enters stomach

A

food

24
Q

What are the two feedback cycles in the gastric stage of stomach secretion?

A

Neural negative feedback cycle

Hormonal negative feedback cycle

25
Q

What mechanisms activate the feedback cycles in the gastric stage of stomach secretion?

A

Activated by: Ingested food
1- Mechano receptors for stomach stretching
2- ↑ pH of contents of stomach, detected by chemoreceptors (add food, so pH ↑)

26
Q

The neural negative feedback loop is part of what nervous system?

A

PNS

27
Q

How does the neural negative feedback loop work?

A

Food in → distension → stretch receptors fire
Plexus of Meissner ↑ gastric juice secretion
Plexus of Auerbach- ↑ muscle churning
As food moves on, no stretching, so feedback loop stops

28
Q

How does the hormonal feedback loop work?

A

Foods substances like alcohol, caffeine, partially digested proteins, or ↑ pH → stimulate G cells to release gastrin hormonally (↑ gastric juices, ↑ motility)
As food moves on, pH ↓ (As food moves on, HCl ↑, so pH ↓)

29
Q

What controls the intestinal phase of gastric secretions?

A

Entrance of acidic chyme into duodenum

Receptors in duodenum send inhibitory signals to stomach

30
Q

What happens in the intestinal phase of gastric secretions?

A

1- Slow exit of chyme from stomach

2- ↑ secretions of small intestine (and liver/pancreas)

31
Q

What reflex is a break on gastric activity?

A

Enterogastric reflex

32
Q

What three things happens in the enterogastric reflex?

A

1- Inhibit vagal nuclei in medulla oblongata
2- Inhibits local reflexes
3- Activate sympathetic fibers to tighten pyloric sphincter

33
Q

How long does it take for the stomach to empty? What goes faster/slower?

A

~4 hours
Liquids go faster
Solids, slower, remain in stomach until well churned and mixed with gastric juices

A&P 3.2 (21 decks)

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