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A&P 3.2 > Small Intestine > Flashcards

Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diameter of the small intestine? Large intestine?

A

1 inch

2.5 inches

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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3
Q

How long is the duodenum? And where is it located?

A

About 10 inches

Retroperitoneal

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4
Q

The duodenum begins at the ________ _______ and wraps around the ______ of the _________.

A

Pyloric sphincter

Head of the pancreas

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5
Q

Which section of the small intestine is most active in digestion?

A

Duodenum

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6
Q

Ducts from the ________ and _______ enter in the duodenum.

A

Liver and pancreas

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7
Q

How long is the jejunum? How do blood and nerved reach it?

A

~8 feet

via mesentery

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8
Q

What occurs in the jejunum? What color is it?

A

Mostly absorption

Red, du to good blood supply

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9
Q

___% of the post-duodenal intestinal length is the jejunum, while ___% is ileum

A

40%

60%

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10
Q

What happens in the ileum?

A

Some absorption

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11
Q

Compare the ileum to jejunum

A

No clear boundary

Ileum is thinner and less vascular. Walls are thinner, more Peyer’s patches present.

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12
Q

How long is the small intestine in a cadaver? In an human? Why the difference?

A

20 feet long in cadaver, 7-13 in humans due to muscle tone

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13
Q

What 3 structural modifications increase the surface area of the small intestine? By what percentage over a smooth tube?

A

Plicae circulares/ Circular folds
VIlli
Microvilli
600x

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14
Q

In what tunics are plicae circularis found? How deep can they be?

A

Mucosa and submucosa

Up to an inch

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15
Q

Plicae circularis run in a _______ pattern along the inside of intestinal wall, and aren’t in the distal 1/2 of the _______.

A

transverse

Ileum

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16
Q

What is the function of the plicae circularis?

A

Causes the chyme to spiral down the tube, effectively slowing the chyme down
This leads to better mixing of the chyme, and therefore better absorption/digestion

17
Q

Where are the plicae circularis tallest?

A

Jejunum

18
Q

Villi are ____-like projections in duodenum, changing to ______-like further along intestine

A

leaf-like

finger-like

19
Q

What 4 things are in each villus?

A

Core of lamina propria
Lacteal
Capillaries
Longitudinal strand of smooth muscle

20
Q

What does the smooth muscle in the villus do?

A

Milks the lymph along lacteal, and ↑ contact of chyme with surfaces

21
Q

What kind of epithelium covers the villi? What other cell is present?

A

Simple columnar

Goblet cell

22
Q

Microvilli are finger-like projections of _______ membrane on the ______ surface of simple columnar cells.

A

plasma

apical

23
Q

What is the brush border?

A

Exceptionally long microvilli

24
Q

What does the brush border contain? In general, what does it do?

A

Brush border enzymes

“Contact digestion” chyme contacts brush border, enzymes digest upon contact

25
Q

What do pores on the floor of the small intestine open to?

A

Crypts of Lieberkühn

26
Q

What do crypts of Lieberkühn contain?

A

Contain absorptive cells, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells

27
Q

Intestinal crypts are similar to the ______ glands of the stomach. They extend through the ______ ______ to the ______ ________.

A

gastric
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

28
Q

Where are Paneth cells?

A

Clustered at the base of each intestinal crypt

29
Q

What do Paneth cells secrete?

A

Secretes lysozyme and other digestive proteins

30
Q

Describe intestinal juice

A

Make 1-2L/day pH 7.4-7.8, has water and mucus, little enzyme

31
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands found?

A

Only in submucosa of duodenum

32
Q

What do Brunner’s glands produce?

What does this do?

A

Secrete bicarb-rich mucus- ↑pH for protection from acid

33
Q

Peyer’s patches are ______ ______ that increase in number approaching the _____.

A

Lymph nodules

Ileum

A&P 3.2 (21 decks)

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