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A&P 3.2 > Small intestine histology, large intestine > Flashcards

Small intestine histology, large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What layers compose the small intestine?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

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2
Q

What composes the mucosa of the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa; villi and microvilli

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3
Q

What composes the submucosa of the small intestine?

A

CT and vessels, nerves

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4
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands found?

A

Submucosa of the duodenum

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5
Q

What are the layers of the muscularis? How do they change?

A

2 layers inner circular and outer longitudinal

Inner circular is thicker, outer longitudinal becomes thinner

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6
Q

The jejunum and ileum have mesentery, so their outermost layer is a ______.

A

serosa

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7
Q

How is the small intestine innervated?

A

PNS- Vagus (X) nerve

SNS- Prevertebral ganglion

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8
Q

What kinds of motility are found in the small intestine?

How long is food there?

A

Peristalsis and segmentation

3-5 hours

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9
Q

Where are brush border enzymes found?

A

On plasma membrane of microvilli of columnar cells

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10
Q

What are the three easy brush border enzymes? And their substrates?

A

Lactase- Substrate: lactose (milk sugar)
Maltase- Substrate: Germinating cereal grains
Sucrase- Substrate: sucrose

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11
Q

Which brush border enzyme splits a dipeptide into 2 amino acids?

A

Dipeptidase

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12
Q

Which 2 brush border enzymes remove aa’s from the end of a chain?

A

Carboxypeptidase

Aminopeptidase

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13
Q

What activates trypsin, a pancreatic enzyme?

A

Enteropeptidase (enterokinase)

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14
Q

What is luminal digestion vs contact digestion?

A

Digestion takes place in the lumen and at the surface of microvilli

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15
Q

The large intestine is also known as the _____. How long is it? What does it mainly absorb?

A

colon
5 feet
water

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16
Q

What does the colon manufacture?

A

Certain vitamins

Feces

17
Q

What is the opening between the large and small intestines? What is it’s usual position?

A

ileocecal sphincter

Normally partially closed

18
Q

What is the cecum? What attaches to it?

A

2.5” long, a “blind pouch” appendix is attached here

19
Q

Which two colons are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending and descending

20
Q

Which colon has mesentery? What is it called?

A

Transverse

Mesocolon

21
Q

The ______ colon connects to the rectum

A

Sigmoid

22
Q

What are the names for the places where the colon turns?

A

Turns left at the right colic (hepatic) flexure

Turns down at the left colic (splenic) flexure

23
Q

How long is the anal canal?

A

1 inch

24
Q

How many sphincters does the anal canal have? What kind of muscle controls them?

A

2: an internal sphincter (smooth muscle) and an external sphincter (skeletal muscle)

25
Q

Describe the mucosa of the large intestine.

4 things.

A

No villi or circular folds
Simple columnar epithelium with many goblet cells
Long, straight intestinal crypts, that are the full thickness of the mucosa
Lymph nodules here (no capsule

26
Q

Describe the submucosa of the large intestine.

A

CT and vessels

27
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis of the large intestine?

A

Tenia coli
Haustra
Epiploic appendages

28
Q

What is the tenia coli? What does it form?

A

Longitudinal muscle in 3 bands
Thickened, and ribbon-like
Tonic contraction forms deep pockets

29
Q

What are the “pockets” of colon?

A

Haustra

30
Q

What are the epiploic appendages? What do they do?

A

Club-like patty pouches of peritoneum

Unknown function, come off tenia coli

31
Q

What is haustral churning?

A

In large intestine food moves from pouch to pouch, 3-12 times/minute

32
Q

How long does food spend in the colon?

A

3-10 hours

A&P 3.2 (21 decks)

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