39 Mycology

Question 1

Define saprophytic

Answer 1

Eats dead/decaying matter

Question 2

What is unique about fungal digestion?

Answer 2

Extracellular digestion and then nutrients absorbed

Question 3

What are conidia?

Answer 3

A spore produced asexually at the tip of a specialized hyphae

Question 4

____ is the unicellular form of fungus.

Answer 4

Yeast

Question 5

____ and ______ are the multicellular forms of fungus.

Answer 5

Mold and mushrooms

Question 6

What kind of environment do fungi prefer? (pH and temp)

Answer 6

Acidic pH (5ish) and about 25C

Question 7

Most fungi are ____ (aerobic/anaerobic).

Answer 7

Aerobic

Question 8

What is mycelium?

Answer 8

The growing form of mold

Question 9

What does it mean if a fungus is dimorphic?

Answer 9

Both a yeast and mold form

Question 10

Define dematiaceous.

Answer 10

Fungus w/ dark pigment

Question 11

Define hyaline.

Answer 11

Non-pigmented fungus

Question 12

Conidia are produced _____ (sexually/asexually).

Answer 12

Asexually

Question 13

What is a conidiophore/sporangiophore?

Answer 13

Stalklike structure containing conidia

Question 14

What triggers dimorphic fungi to switch from the mycelial form to yeast?

Answer 14

Temperature increase

Question 15

List the 3 mechanisms of asexual fungus reproduction.

Answer 15

-Sporulation and germination of spores
-Fragmentation of hyphae (arthroconidia)
-Budding of yeast

Question 16

What is the capsule of fungi made of?

Answer 16

Polysaccharides

Question 17

What is the function of the capsule?

Answer 17

-Aid in adherance/clumping
-Can be antigenic or anti-phagocytic

Question 18

Fungal cell walls are made of _____

Answer 18

Chitin

Question 19

Fungal cell walls have beta glucans; what are beta glucans used for in both human/vet med?

Answer 19

Immunostimulants, vaccine adjuvants

Question 20

What are the sterols found in the cytoplasmic membrane of fungi?

Answer 20

Ergosterol and zymosterol

Question 21

Why is amphotericin B an effective antifungal?

Answer 21

Greater affinity for fungal sterols than mammalian cholesterol

Question 22

Immunity to fungal disease is mainly ______ (cellular/humoral).

Answer 22

Cellular

Question 23

Fungi typically produce _______ lesions.

Answer 23

Granulomatous

Question 24

What is a dermatomycoses?

Answer 24

Opportunistic infection of skin or muco-cutaneous junctions from fungal overgrowth

Question 25

What are dermatophytes?

Answer 25

Molds that only parasitize keratinized epidermal structures (no systemic dz)

Question 26

What yeast is commonly responsible for otitis externa and dermtitis in dogs?

Answer 26

Malassezia pachydermatis

Question 27

What yeast is part of the normal flora of mammals and birds?

Answer 27

Candida albicans

Question 28

What fungus is found in dolphins?

Answer 28

Lobomycosis

Question 29

What fungus is linked to a worldwide decline in amphibian populations?

Answer 29

Chytridiomycosis

Question 30

What animal is affected by white nose syndrome?

Answer 30

Bats

Question 31

What fungus is associated with disease in snakes?

Answer 31

Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola