normal cardiac anatomy, physiology, and function Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the blood supply from the LAD

A

comes from the left main coronary artery
branches to septal branch, which supplies the anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
LAD also suppoies the anterior wall of left ventricle
LAD most common site of coronary occlusion

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2
Q

Describe the blood supply from the circumflex artery

A

comes off the left main coronary artery
supplies the left atrium, the lateral wall of the left ventricle, and the posterior wall of the left ventricle
-10% of patients’ posterior descending branch comes of f the circumflex

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3
Q

what important arteries come off the right coronary artery?

A

posterior descending brance (in 70% of pts- 10 % of pts have the posterior descending branch that arises from the circumflex)
marginal branch
SA, AV nodal branches

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4
Q

posterior descending artery

A

supplies the inferior wall of the left ventricle, the posterior 1/3 of the the interventricular septum

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5
Q

what is supplied by the marginal branch?

A

right atrium and ventricle

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6
Q

what events increase stroke volume?

A

catecholamine release, increased intracellular calcium, lowered extracellular sodium, digoxin use, anxiety, exercise

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7
Q

what events decrease stroke volume?

A

beta blockers, heart failure, acidosis, hypoxia

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8
Q

What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure?

A

diastolic arterial pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure, where pulse pressure is the systolic arterial pressure minus the diastolic arterial pressure
another way of writing this:
2/3 diastolic pressure + 1/3 systolic pressure

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9
Q

What method should be used to read an EKG?

A

-determine rate
-determine rhythm (regular/irregular; sinus vs not)
-look at intervals- PR should be less than 0.2 s; qrs less than 0.12; look at qt
-look at axis
-look at p wave shape- normal or not?
look at qrs shape- wise? hypertrophied?
-ST segment and T-wave- normal ,depressed, elevated, inverted?

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