Common fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a colles fracture? demongraphics?

A

involves the distal radius plus or minus the distal ulna

this is the most common wrist fracture, esp in osteoporotic bones

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2
Q

What is the MOI for a colles fxr?

A

fall on an outstretched hand. distal radius is posteriorly diplaced (looks like a dinner fork, if dinner fork was facing down)

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3
Q

What is the tx for a colles fracture?

A

closed reduction, long arm cast, possible surgery

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4
Q

What is is the MOI of a scaphoid fracture?

A

snuffbox tenderness after a fall on a radially deviated outstreatched hand

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5
Q

What is the tx for a scaphoid fxr?

A

-thumb spica cast and possible surgery

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6
Q

What is diagnostically important about a scaphoid fxr?

A

-incr risk of avascular necrosis, fracture not seen on x-ray for 1-2 wks after injury

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7
Q

What is a fifth metacarpal neck fracture- MOI, pearls?

A

fracture due to punching a hard object or surface, often seen in boxers. requires closed reduction, ulnar gutter spint, possible surgery. If the patient was bitten in the area during a fight, you must do surgical exploration to rule out tendon involvement and give abx

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8
Q

What are signs of radial nerve injury following humerus fracture?

A

wrist drop or weakened thumb abduction

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9
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture?

A

dislocation of the radial head and uldnar diaphyseal fracture due to defense against blunt trauma (ie nightstick injury)

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10
Q

What is a Galeazzi fracture?

A

dislocation of the distal radial ulnar joint and radial diaphyseal fracture (diaphysis is the long part of the bone)
MURG: monteggia fracture is ulnar, galeazzi is radial

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11
Q

What is the treatment for a galeazzi fracture?

A

surgical repair and cast forearm in supination to maintain reduction of the distal radial ulnar joint

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12
Q

What position is the hip in following hip fracture?

A

remember, this is the femoral head or neck. the affected leg will be short and externally rotated

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13
Q

What are complications of hip fracture

A

death, increased risk of avascular necrosis and DVT, so pts require antiocoagulation.

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14
Q

What are the complications of femoral diaphysis fractures?

A

increased risk of fat embolism

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15
Q

What are complications of tibial fractures?

A

compartment syndrome

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